Thorium tungsten electrode characteristics

Thorium oxide containing tungsten thorium ( thorium dioxide or thoria ) , in the United States it is most commonly used tungsten electrodes , determine other tungsten electrodes have become a standard of good or bad . However, since this has a low level of tungsten electrodes radiological hazards , many users have switched to other options. In general , a 2% thoriated tungsten electrode is a relatively good tungsten electrode having the lowest work function , even when the overload voltages also performed well . Thorium tungsten electrode performance in many respects superior to pure tungsten electrodes . Than pure tungsten thorium oxide provides about 20 percent higher than the current carrying capacity , generally longer life , but also help prevent contamination when welding . Using thoriated tungsten electrode , arc easier than that of pure tungsten electrode and the arc or zirconium tungsten electrodes more stable. Thorium tungsten electrode 1% (EWTh - 1) and thorium tungsten electrode 2% (EWTh - 2) can be used for DCEN. They remain in the welding process sharpened tip , which can be used to weld steel pipe , not usually direct current, because it is difficult to maintain a spherical tip welding without cracking , which is a must for direct current .

Thorium tungsten electrode application

Thoriated tungsten electrodes are usually used for the DC negative electrode or carbon, stainless steel, nickel alloys, titanium alloys and other applications of the positive electrode . Their operating performance , even when the overload current of the operation can be very good .

Thoriated tungsten electrode is usually used in the field of carbon and stainless steel . Thorium oxide content of 2% thoriated tungsten electrode is typically less than 1% of the thorium content of the tungsten electrode to better improve performance . Communicate using thorium tungsten electrode welding, faster , and to be used with caution in order before welding on AC DC welding reaction . In AC welding, balled balls will not melt, so the effect is not as liquid ball so well.

Thoriated tungsten electrodes are usually used for DC welding field, while pure tungsten electrodes for AC welding . During the welding process , the staff should carefully read the instructions for use of thorium tungsten electrode .


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Lanthanum -doped tungsten micro advantages and positive effects are :

1 Lanthanum -doped tungsten is added to a small amount of tungsten -doped lanthanum , changed the composition of doped tungsten , lanthanum doped tungsten micro cold resistance , heat resistance and other physical characteristics were compared with the conventional tungsten -doped greatly improved, the tests showed that micro- doped lanthanum tungsten cold, heat resistance than conventional doped tungsten are increased by 5 to 7%.

2 , The use of pressure guns lanthanum acid ammonia solution in spray form to be placed in the pot dopant doped tungsten blue spray , can effectively control the addition amount of lanthanum , tungsten is reached improve performance purposes , but also effectively reduce production costs, improve economic efficiency of enterprises .

3 , Increases in the later process of flame oxidation in air annealing step , the processing can effectively eliminate the hardened alloy , the alloy during processing to eliminate the internal accumulation of stress , tensile strength, lower tungsten , the tungsten wire the manufacturing more convenient.

4 , The production of micro- doped lanthanum by the addition of a small amount of tungsten lanthanum , thus changing the composition of the doped tungsten and internal grain size while eliminating the micro by oxidation annealing stress within tungsten doped lanthanum , therefore produced tungsten has a good seismic performance. Tests showed that using this method of production of micro- lanthanum -doped tungsten produced each 10 14V0. 1A0. 7CP bulbs, tungsten specifications for the 1. 0mg/200mm and 1. Ang/200mm, doped with tungsten in the same general seismic tests carried out under the conditions of contrast , the result is a specification of 1.2mg / / 200mm light bulbs, ordinary doped tungsten average number is 673 times the impact resistance , resistance to micro- doped lanthanum tungsten average impact of the number of 1233 ; specifications for a . 0mg/200mm bulbs , ordinary doped tungsten average number of 680 times the impact resistance , while the micro- doped lanthanum tungsten average number of impact-resistant 1209 times.

5, With a simple process, easy to implement and the advantages of low production costs , while the production of micro- lanthanum -doped tungsten has a long life , optical performance, strong seismic performance and a light bulb filament sag after use small amount of features.


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Doped tungsten wire , also commonly known as anti- sag tungsten wire, tungsten, aluminum , tungsten, its main feature is added in the dispersion strengthening elements potassium , forming a " dovetail lap " -shaped interlocking internal grain structure, and thus improved resistance to high temperature creep resistance tungsten .

Doped tungsten complete production line including blue tungsten reduction from APT to the addition of modified elements potassium, aluminum , silicon , and then sintering melt down , rotary forging process , coarse and fine tungsten filament in each step of the process . W31, W61, W91 , and WR15 new high-temperature tungsten filament :

W31

It has as excellent high temperature performance, reeling performance , to meet the energy-saving lamps , fluorescent lamps production use, Weihai polycrystalline material in 5 kg to provide a single , suitable for change pull factory. Grades from Japan , therefore , corresponds to the early use of filament capsule of the user.

W61

Equivalent grades of tungsten in Japan W31 performance and use, provides a single Weihai polycrystalline material in 5 kg , the same change for pulling factory. Grades from China's latest national standards.

W91

With excellent high temperature performance, can be used for high and low voltage halogen lamps , vehicle lights and high performance requirements of high prices on the tube and other fields.

WR15

It's a high -grade , high temperature, high shock tungsten wire, high temperature performance superior W91 grades for high color temperature , energy-efficient ( up C-class energy efficiency standards ) halogen incandescent lamp , is the material of choice for export to EU .


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A micro- lanthanum -doped tungsten preparation method comprises the following steps :

( 1 ) The paratungstate in high purity hydrogen reduction furnace in pre- reduced blue tungsten ;

( 2 ) Wet incorporation of potassium silicate , aluminum nitrate solution , dried by stirring the mixture , the potassium, silicon, aluminum, tungsten adsorbed in the gap to obtain a doped tungsten blue ;

( 3 ) The use of pressure guns lanthanum acid ammonia solution in spray form to place the doped tungsten blue spray doping pot while stirring , until after spray drying, to obtain amino acid lanthanum doped tungsten blue ; < br />
( 4 ) The blue tungsten doped lanthanum acid into ammonia reduction furnace in high purity hydrogen reduction reaction to obtain a reduction of lanthanum tungsten alloy coarse powder ;

( 5) Reducing the tungsten alloy powder of lanthanum quantitative hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid washing to remove the excess dopant and other impurities to obtain lanthanum tungsten alloy powder ;

( 6 ) Using isostatic press kit to install the elastic modulus of lanthanum tungsten alloy powder is applied to the equal force , made ​​of uniform density tungsten billet ;

( 7 ) Hydrogen tungsten billet under the protection of pre- sintered to obtain a pre-sintered article ;

( 8 ) Pre-sintered in hydrogen under the protection of vertical melt sintering , melting sintering get vertical bar ;

( 9 ) Using the swaging equipment carried on the vertical melt sintering of forging, sintering of the vertical melt gradually reduced cross-section , the length increases, billet within the organizational structure of the tungsten grains and surface condition changes state to prepare tungsten rod ; < br />
( 10 ) Annealing the tungsten rod ; ( 11 ) the annealed then swaging tungsten rod having a diameter of 3.7mm tungsten rod ;

( 12 )On the turntable for coarse tungsten rod tension , tungsten rod through the die holes turntable after the cross section is reduced, increase in length , to obtain a crude tungsten wire ;

( 13 ) The crude tungsten in air by flame oxidation anneal , and after the coating of graphite and a small compression ratio, single stretch, eliminate work hardening and reduce the tensile strength filament ;

( 14) The crude tungsten single stretched via a plurality of the desired motif is drawn into thin tungsten wire. Moreover , in step ( 7 ) in the pre-sintering temperature of 1200 ~ 1400 ° C, sintering time 30 to 50 minutes.

Moreover , in step ( 3 ) in the vertical melt temperature of the final sintering sink 50 ~ ^ 50 ° C, the sintering time is 60 to 70 minutes to obtain the vertical melt density of sintered article 17. 2 ~ 17. 6g/cm3.


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