Cerium tungsten electrodes in tungsten adding rare earth cerium oxide powder metallurgy and rolling through grinding and polishing process made of tungsten electrode products, is the earliest production of non-radioactive tungsten electrodes product that is characterized by the low current conditions has excellent arc performance , dimensional arc current is small . Therefore, it is commonly used in pipes, stainless steel products and welding of small precision parts . Conditions at low current DC electrode diameter 2.0mm or less , cerium tungsten electrodes thorium tungsten electrode is preferred alternatives.

Grade , Composition, Color , Work Function

Model grades Added Impurity Impurity quantity% doping doping % Other Impurities% of its

He miscellaneous mass % Tungsten% tungsten % Electric discharged power Color sign electron work function color

WC20 CeO2 1.80-2.20 <0.20 margin The rest 2.7-2.8 Ash Grey

The advantage is cerium tungsten X- ray dose and antioxidant properties than thorium tungsten have been greatly improved ; electronic thorium tungsten electrode work function than about 10 %, the arc easier and better arc stability . Also cerium tungsten chemical stability, cathode spot is small, low pressure drop, burning and less , so is the most widely used TIG welding a tungsten electrode . Commonly used tungsten chemical composition and grade of pure tungsten W1 W ≥ 99.92 SiO2 ≤ 0.03 Fe2O3Al2 ≤ 0.03 Mo ≤ 0.01 CaO thorium tungsten WTH-7 W margin other impurities is not more than the total mass fraction of 0.15%.

Cerium tungsten WCe-20 W margin CeO1.8-2.2 SiO2 ≤ 0.06 Fe2O3AI2O3 ≤ 0.02 Mo ≤ 0.01 CaO ≤ 0.01 cerium tungsten low electron work function , high chemical stability , allowing current density, non-radioactive , is currently a commonly used electrodes of pure tungsten high melting and boiling points , easy to melt volatile , burning, cutting-edge , less pollution, but the electron emission is poor, is not conducive to the stability of arc burning. Thorium tungsten electron emission capability, allowing high current density arc burning more stable, but with a certain radioactive elements thorium , promote the application be affected. Zirconium tungsten electrode on the need to prevent contamination of the base metal under special conditions , you can use this tungsten . This is easy to maintain the hemispherical tip of the electrode , suitable for AC welding .


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Here is an excellent quick and short guide on how to avoid buying fake gold coins and fake gold bars, with some background on the recent scare stories about counterfeit coins sourced from China. By the way, never bite a gold coin to test it - you'll either ruin the coin or break your teeth.

It's good to read that fake bullion gold Eagles and fake gold Maples, at least, are extremely rare; but as for historical gold coins of very high value, fakes are more likely, since there is such a great potential profit over and above the gold value for the counterfeiters.
In dealing with the subject of fake gold bars, the author also gives the best informed account I've read about why the recent 'fake gold bars made of tungsten' story is an urban myth.

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In one aspect, a bucking bar device for use in riveting parts together is described. In one embodiment, the bucking bar device includes a bucking bar, and a sleeve positioned so that the bucking bar extends within the sleeve. One end of thesleeve is configured to be positioned adjacent to at least one of the parts.

In another aspect, a sleeve for use with a bucking bar device including a bucking bar is described. The sleeve includes a cylinder engaging sleeve member having threads on an internal surface, and an intermediate sleeve member having threads onan outer surface. The intermediate sleeve member is in threaded engagement with the cylinder engaging sleeve member. A non-marring sleeve member is at least partially inserted into the intermediate sleeve member and extends therefrom.

In yet another aspect, a method for installing a rivet is provided. The method includes the steps of setting a recess between an impact face of a bucking bar device and a reference surface of a bucking bar sleeve assembly operatively attachedto the bucking bar device to form a bucking bar and sleeve assembly, placing an end surface of the bucking bar sleeve assembly around a buck tail of the rivet to be set and against the surface of the material to be riveted, and compressing the buck tailof the rivet using the bucking bar and sleeve assembly until the impact face of the bucking bar no longer impacts the buck tail of the rivet.

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Now that the economy is collapsing, investors are becoming more interested in gold. Here's an item from PopSci that says it wouldn't be too difficult to make convincing fake gold bars out of gold-plated tungsten (which costs $30 a pound compared to $12,000 a pound for gold).

start with a tungsten slug about 1/8-inch smaller in each dimension than the gold bar you want, then cast a 1/16-inch layer of real pure gold all around it. This bar would feel right in the hand, it would have a dead ring when knocked as gold should, it would test right chemically, it would weigh *exactly* the right amount, and though I don't know this for sure, I think it would also pass an x-ray fluorescence scan, the 1/16" layer of pure gold being enough to stop the x-rays from reaching any tungsten. You'd pretty much have to drill it to find out it's fake.   

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