As a typical transition metal oxide functional material, tungsten trioxide has been extensively studied by researchers in lithium ion batteries, electrochromic, photochromic, photoluminescence and sensors due to its rich chemical valence. In addition, WO₃ is an important n-type semiconductor photocatalyst, and shows high catalytic activity in the field of photocatalytic degradation of pollutants in water.

Tungsten carbide is a compound composed of tungsten and carbon. Its hardness is similar to that of diamond. It has good hardness and stable properties. It is not only used in cemented carbide, but also as wear-resistant and corrosion-resistant materials for iron-based or nickel-based alloys.

Vanadium dioxide (VO₂) is a well-known phase change material with superparamagnetism, non-linear current/voltage properties and reversible infrared light response characteristics. In order to reduce the reversible phase transition temperature of vanadium, tungsten doping is usually needed to improve its structure. With phase transition, the electrical conductivity, infrared transmittance, resistivity and reflectivity of tungsten-doped M-phase VO₂ will change abruptly, which makes tungsten-doped VO₂ have wide application prospects in intelligent temperature-controlled films, thermistor materials, photoelectric switch materials, infrared detection materials and other fields.

Tungsten is one of the widely used electrode materials. However, due to the low emission efficiency of pure metal tungsten electrode, and Recrystallization at high temperature to form equiaxed grain structure, the tungsten wire sags and breaks. Therefore, tungsten electrode can be widely used in various kinds of small and medium vacuum electronic devices, but it can not meet the requirements of high power microwave devices with high current density and long life.