Rare earth prices have been falling since the start of 2013. Praseodymium-neodymium alloy prices rallied early this year, but transactions were muted, with prices stabilizing between RMB 400,000-405,000/mt, up RMB 15,000/mt from last year’s end. Prices for other rare earth categories maintained downward track.

In 1Q, prices for lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide dropped most steeply. SMM quotes for lanthanum oxide in late March were RMB 33,000-35,000/mt, while SMM quotes for cerium oxide were RMB 38,000-40,000/mt, down 34% and 22.4% respectively from the end of 2012.

In fact, rare earth prices have been weakening after the Chinese New Year holiday, with quotes for lanthanum oxide and cerium oxide leading decreases. Dysprosium oxide and dysprosium ferroalloy also fell. Transactions were muted, with most cargo holders standing on the sidelines.

According to Chen Quanxun, President of the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association, the rare earth industry has been in severe oversupply, with the capacity utilization rate below 40%.

According to annual reports of listed companies, net profits at Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare-earth (Group) Hi-tech Company last year were RMB 1.51 billion, down 56.57% YoY.


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China has been the world's largest rare earth exporter, but due to the limited backward processing technology, it is only an export raw material-based country for a long time. While the Beijing Nonferrous Metal Research Institute has announced an exciting news on 24 March 2013 that, The National Engineering Research Center of China's Rare Earth Materials has been officially formed in Beijing. With the birth of the national team, China's rare earth industry will transform from resource exports into high-tech products output.

According to Ao Hong, the Vice President of the Beijing Nonferrous Metal Research, The National Engineering Research Center of China's Rare Earth Materials is one of the first research centers backed by the State Planning Commission, with the utilization of World Bank Loan. Previously, the intellectual and capital spent on the study of Chinese domestic rare earth project are relatively dispersed, resulting in lower technical content of rare earth products, long-term raw material exports.


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 A major rare earth production corporation has been formed in east China's Jiangxi Province as part of efforts to boost the industry's sustainable development.

The state-owned Ganzhou Rare Earth Group Co., Ltd., based in the city of Ganzhou, was founded through the merging of its key subsidiary Ganzhou Rare Earth Mineral Industry Co., Ltd. and some local rare earth companies, including Longnan Wanbao Rare Earth Co.

Thirty-six percent of China's middle and heavy rare earth reserves are in Ganzhou, which has experienced overexploitation since the end of the 1970s.

"From now on, Ganzhou will step up efforts to facilitate the merging and restructuring of the rare earth industry," said Liu Jianping, vice mayor of Ganzhou.

As the only prospector in Ganzhou,the group will be involved in rare earth mining, smelting, processing and trade.

In 2012, the sales revenues of the rare earth industry in Ganzhou reached 34 billion yuan (about 5.44 billion U.S. dollars), acccounting for one-third of the industry's revenues nationwide, according to Ma Rongzhang, secretary-general of the China Rare Earth Industry Association.

As the world's largest rare earth supplier, China serves more than 90 percent of global demand for rare earth metals, a group of 17 elements that are necessary to manufacture high-tech products ranging from flatscreen TVs to lasers and hybrid cars.

However, the country holds only 23 percent of the world's rare earth reserves. Decades of excessive exploitation have greatly damaged the environment.

In January, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), along with 11 other authorities, said in a guideline that the government is encouraging mergers in the auto, steel, cement, shipbuilding, electrolytic aluminum, rare earth, electronic information, pharmaceutical and agriculture sectors.

The government will slash the number of rare earth companies through mergers and concentrate production capacity, the guideline says.

China's top rare earth producer, the Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare-Earth (Group) Hi-Tech Co., announced last December that it would gain control of another 12 rare earth companies in order to form a megacompany.


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As for rare earth producers, the bad days seem to have come already. According to 2012 performance report from listed companies, the rare earth industry is experiencing tough time.

According to performance report from Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare-Earth Hi-Tech from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2012, net profit attributable to share holders of listed company has fallen from 50% to 60%.

Actually, Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare-Earth Hi-Tech is not the only company experiencing tough time in the industry. According to performance report from Guangdong Rising Nonferrous Metals Group from January 1st 2012 to December 31st, 2012, net profit attributable to share holders of listed company rell by 60-80%.

According to Wangjian, Senior Wealth Management of Changjiang Securities, said that Chinese rare earth exploiters’ dumping of rare earth by massive mining at the expensive of environmental damage is the major reason behind profit contraction at China’s rare earth industry. Besides, the soft demand in China is also a major reason behind profit contraction at Chinese rare earth producers.

Not only large companies reported profit decline, small companies also have very harsh time. According to Yuan Zhibin, researcher from CIC, administrative means adopted by government forced many companies to exit market, the remaining companies also feel the pinch. The overcapacity and excessive exploration not only resulted in steady decline in rare earth prices . After Chinese government restricted exports of rare earth, domestic rare earth producers lose overseas market, which resulted in high inventories and big losses for them.

According to Lin Liangmin, researcher of China Webmaster, overcapacity and soft downstream demand is the major reason behind sharp contraction of profit at rare earth sector.

The soft downstream demand only refers to domestic market, while overseas demand is still brisk. However, China’s excessive exploration of rare earth made government to interfere in this industry by restricting exports. Given that rare earth demand in China is limited, the whole industry fall into recession.

Besides, production of rare earth from the US, Vietnamese, and Mongolia also exert impact on China’s rare earth producers.

Based on current market movement, the industry is unlikely to reverse weak momentum in the short term, and will lucrative profits shall no longer return this year.


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