Reducing the supply of rare earths to reduce harmful levels of environmental damage

WTO ruling on Chinese exports of rare earth problem entirely the result of selective hearing those referees , officials , who only the interests of the advanced countries , while ignoring the reality of global development, did not see the irreparable damage to the environment caused by mining and backward at the same time they also did not see a reduction in the supply of rare earths can promote the development of modern industrial technology , thereby reducing the degree of harm to the environment destruction.

First, those officials should have never been to China's rare earth mining site , those behind the domestic mining technology and mining operations is definitely crazy enough to understand . According to the author 's face value , rare earth mining in many parts of the country have adopted the disastrous mining technology . To get petty , miners tend to be emptied whole mountain , leaving a barren. Meanwhile hazardous substances four diaspora , threatening people 's health. If you want to manage this environmental damage , not only requires a lot of money , but also take a long time , in fact, difficult to estimate the cost of governance . Therefore, China has adopted various measures to curb the exploitation of rare earth blind is absolutely necessary .

Secondly , they did not look at the status of technological development, China's export restrictions on rare earth actually brought a leap of industrial technology. Originally manufacture of high-tech equipment is almost inseparable from earth, from the law of industrial technology development perspective, this bottleneck problem to be solved sooner or later , while China 's export policies to speed up the process of solving this problem .

Due to rising prices of rare earths , Toyota , Mitsubishi Electric and other Japanese companies have developed more than a dozen completely without rare earth magnet motor , METI specially set aside 8 billion yen to support. Under economic pressure to produce such an effect developed quickly . Hitachi rare earth permanent magnets used equally effective successfully developed completely without rare earth motor. In this production process using Hitachi rapidly cooled and solidified amorphous alloy , not only won the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to the highest standards of energy efficiency, but also reduces costs. Enterprises to achieve such outcomes is more than a company of Hitachi , Showa Denko also successfully developed a rare-earth magnet alloy does not require material that can be widely used in IT and other high technology fields .

Moreover, Japan's rare earth recycling technology has also been a breakthrough. Japan's Honda Motor and heavy chemical industry to jointly develop recycling rare earths from used batteries of hybrid cars in the new technology in the world is also an innovation. With this technique, can be recovered from used batteries to more than 80% of rare earth materials . The Panasonic is also actively develop recycling technology of rare earth materials from the waste air conditioning .

The successful development of new technologies and put into use, issued by the Japanese media, China's rare earth lost an important customer and sorrow market news. But from here, but we can see that China 's restrictions on exports of rare earths is actually extremely important , on the one hand has been forced to reduce the effect of protecting the exploitation of the environment, on the other hand , such a policy is not only not harm the development of modern industry, and also contributed to the upgrading of related technologies. Very unfortunately, Europe and Japan as well as the effectiveness of WTO officials took these selective hearing , so where we do not have any chance of winning.

So , we do not need more articles in the export quota , in order to the national health , for the benefit of future generations , we need to increase efforts to protect the environment , exploitation of rare earth resources in higher demand , due to the exploitation and management should the cost of environmental damage caused by the added price of rare earths . As for automobile exhaust emission requirements more stringent and did not hinder the development of the automotive industry , industrial policy is strictly not hinder the healthy development of rare earth industry .


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Continuation of the rare earth market deserted, businesses wait and see

RE market deserted on the first day after the holiday , businesses wait and see attitude based , offer no positive or stable pricing. After some businesses now understand the quote before the holiday is still a continuation of the main trading varieties of lanthanum, cerium , praseodymium class , europium, terbium aspects turnover is less than normal , before the bullish europium, terbium oxide merchants stocking outlook reflect still more now shipping difficult. Today, the rare earth market traders dysprosium oxide, terbium slightly inquiry , according to the Baotou Rare Earth Stock Exchange listed market prices show that today terbium oxide, dysprosium price volatility is relatively large, as of 14:00 today , terbium oxide stock listing Quotes of 4255 yuan / kg , volume more than 100 kg . Dysprosium oxide , compared with 2,240 yuan / kg , volume 110 kg .


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County Land and Natural Resources to xunwu verification abandoned rare earth mine geological environment governance

Resources division of finance rights director Wang Feng rate expert group group 6 people, in Xunwu County, Wenfeng Xiang Shi Pai waste rare earth mine geological environment management demonstration project (2012— 2013) project verification carried out a rigorous assessment of the. The provincial land resources department deputy director Xiang Changpei, the Provincial Department of land and resources and the Ganzhou city mine authority, Xunwu county Party committee, government leaders accompanied by verification.

Check group group listened carefully to the government of Xunwu County of Wenfeng Xiang Shi Pai waste rare earth mine geological environment management demonstration project (2012— 2013) reports on the construction, and then to the stone row waste rare earth mine geological environment governance demonstration project construction site to inspect the construction progress of the project. The verification group by viewing the engineering project, approval, bidding and the financial funds, the construction of the relevant materials carefully. On the construction of demonstration project fully affirmed. For the next step of the work, the verification team stressed, to further speed up the construction progress, strengthen supervision, to ensure the construction quality and quantity to complete; two to around “ overall planning, overall design, step by step implementation of ” twelve characters to make the article; three, to further increase the intensity of work, in the completion of the project construction, to plan as a whole to (2013--2014) planning project, must strive to improve the technical level of planning and design, improving design efficiency, increase investment, technology leadership, personnel; four to further highlight the geological environment of this theme, conscientiously do a good job of overall construction of geological environment management, environmental construction, park, realize the organic combination and demonstration project construction.

Xunwu county magistrate Yang Yongfei said, in the face of (2012— 2014) the three phase of the project, time is tight, heavy task, pressure, we will give the power of the county, and strive to build the project become the demonstration engineering, quality engineering.


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Five rare earth industry disease, overcapacity serious pollution to sell the price of cabbage

As the first rare earth producer and exporter country, but the development of China's rare earth market was chaotic . Overcapacity in the domestic rare earth mining is very serious , serious waste of resources and ecological damage. Disorderly competition makes the "industrial gold" has sold rare earth became " cabbage price ." And with this in stark contrast to the United States, Australia and other countries extremely rare earth resources , but their limitations and stop the exploitation of rare earth in favor of imports from China .

Zhang Anwen , deputy secretary general of China Society of Rare Earths on , frankly, the WTO ruled against the appeal and China's rare earth export quota system is " beyond the expected, makes sense ."

Back in 2001 the accession negotiations for accession to the WTO, China as promised , within the prescribed period to cancel the export most of the products exported annually 2009-2015 clearly no more than 35,000 tons of rare earth . 2010 , fell to 30,258 tons of export quotas beginning .

Zhang Anwen said to heavy rare earth mining in southern China as an example: In order to get 10,000 tons of heavy rare earth oxides, 100 square kilometers of vegetation will result in the destruction consideration shocking. " Our pay and unequal access to a serious imbalance . " Zhang Anwen respect, protection of resources and the environment and regulate industrial order , it is the policy of our government to implement protective measures against the rare earth industry in mind.

"Although China's rare earth export quota system eventually sentenced violations, but after a full defense and the burden of proof , WTO Expert Group endorsed the policy objective for China is still protecting the environment, resources and sustainable development needs , in line with the special nature of WTO rules . " Zhang Anwen said .

industry long-standing "cabbage price" behind

A series of policy measures to effectively regulate the market of China's rare earth industry . China Rare Earth has changed in the international market, " cabbage price of gold to sell ," the status quo. But for China's cheap rare earth consumption habits of foreign companies, whose interests suffer.

Earlier, assistant to the president of China Minmetals Mr Wang said in an interview that in the past China's rare earth industry are selling raw materials, do not pay attention to the back-end applications. 1 dollar of rare earth materials , we roughing up to sell 10 yuan , 20 yuan , to the U.S. and Europe made ​​product, we will spend 1,000 yuan to buy it back.

" Why should we sell cheaper to buy when they so expensive ? " Zhang Anwen on frankly, behind the kinds of rare earth industrial development in many long-standing presence .

Zhang Anwen said China 's rare earth industry , is one of the few industries with certain international competitiveness . In support of the state policy , entirely on its own resources and technical capabilities to achieve from rare earth mining , smelting, to environmental protection, good development .

However, China is a " rare big country" , they are not "rare earth power ." Rare earth industry itself has a very prominent issue, focus on performance in five areas . First, the rare earth mining , smelting production overcapacity serious , rare earth oxides capacity and output ratio of about 3.2 , much higher than steel, cement overcapacity excess coefficient industry ; Second, under Gregory driven by high prices and mining and smelting separation, environmental pollution and ecological damage costly ; third , private mining digging , serious cases of smuggling of rare earth , rare earth prices under long-term impact of non- market factors ; fourth , industry concentration is not enough ; fifth, China's rare earth downstream industries development is weak , the situation in the " nuclear high base " and the kinds of applications of rare earth materials more serious .

Rare earth prices Governance secure first

If the complainant is still not ideal situation , China will have to amend the related export restrictions , which will have a greater impact on the rare earth industry ?

" RE game depends largely on the price . " Zhang Anwen on said that in the short term, the rare earth market may form a certain degree of price volatility . The large fluctuations in the price of rare earth products for the downstream industry chain development is not the gospel.

"fear of rare earth price spike . " Shenzhen Tianli and Magnetic Industry Co., Ltd. Marketing Department is responsible for people , said the company set up in Ganzhou NdFeB production base, in rare metals processing, production of NdFeB, magnetic buttons , and other magnetic products. 2011 to 2012 , a roller coaster -like rare earth raw material price changes , so that the whole industry enterprises to withstand a lot of pressure . As the rare earth raw materials skyrocketing , even smaller than the profits of deep processing of raw materials mining profits. Rare earth materials soaring overnight over a lot of people are doing magnetic materials, has nothing to do with the rare people who started in this industry , and now serious excess capacity many companies have cut production and protect the price . The demand side of enterprises turn to look for other alternative materials , magnetic materials applications hit the market .

" Rare earth prices , the first rule secure . " Zhang Anwen on the said industrial development is the most taboo volatility in raw material prices , the further development of rare earth downstream industries, promote the application of rare earth material harm than benefit . Should establish a relatively stable price formation mechanism of rare earth products , to provide a stable environment for the enterprise market enterprises downstream applications .

2013 onwards, China Rare Earth Industry Association has released the rare earth industry price index in the form of the price range from the industry 's 25 most representative sample of companies forming daily trading price statistics . Maintenance industry run by the price index , the impact of inhibiting capital speculation .

Zhang Anwen also reminded enterprises, foreign rare earth development and utilization of international environmental concern. United States , Australia, India and Russia have a wealth of rare earth resources, in 2013 , Greenland abolished the ban on uranium mining and rare earth mine , allowing domestic and foreign mining companies exploiting mineral resources in its territory in the Arctic . This means that in the future , in the world or the formation of diversified international rare earth supply system.


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China WTO rare earth dispute case on appeal the likelihood of success of the small

World Trade Organization (WTO) panel report released in late March about Chinese exports of rare earths dispute , ruled export tariffs on Chinese rare earths, tungsten, molybdenum related products taken quota management measures violate WTO regulations. April 25 , China's appeal documents submitted direction as the respondent WTO Appellate Body (Appellate Body).

Despite appeals express our attitude and position on the case , but insiders said " the likelihood of a successful appeal of the Chinese side is very small ," but behind this trade dispute "tug of war " , and has exposed a deeper maybe the problem is more worthy of our reflection.

"As a high-tech industry essential raw materials , rare earth has ' industrial vitamins ' said. " Deputy Secretary-General of China Rare Earth Society陈占恒in an interview with Technology Daily Reporter interview , said," This is why a number of countries and regions in the United States, Europe, Japan and other so concerned about the problem of rare earth export quotas and tariffs . "

According to Chen Zhanheng introduction , rare earth is widely used in wind power, electric cars, computers , smart phones , aerospace, defense industry and other manufacturing . Our country is currently the world 's largest rare earth refining , processing and exporting countries . " Prior to this , the United States is the world's largest supplier of rare earths , accounting for over 50 % of the world , such a state until 2002 . 1990s , China began mining rare earths. A few years ago China's rare earth supply was 95% -97 % of global supply, has declined in recent years , because now other countries are also produced . "He said," When the United States declared in 2002 because of environmental and pollution problems turn off the rare earth production , but in fact, there is a very important reason , and China is its rare earth prices are not competitive compared to our prices too cheap . "

This period was the oversupply of China's rare earth market , many investors blindly flock of rare earth industry , resulting in domestic and international market situation was the emergence of low-cost sales . "We must strengthen control of the front scale mining , metallurgy strictly prohibited investment into the separation , including new materials , because these areas have varying degrees of overcapacity. But also increase the ecological restoration , pollution control efforts . " Chen Zhanheng said.

Cause of China's rare earth prices was "too cheap" , was developed because of China 's own intellectual property rights of "rare earth smelting and separation technology " significantly improves the rare earth smelting separation efficiency. "This technology was born in the 1980s, although the technology itself is a good thing , but at that time our patent awareness has not been so strong, and there is no transfer of intellectual property protection everywhere , technicians learn and to go elsewhere factories, technically There is no limit , causing overcapacity . " Chen Zhanheng said," a sophisticated material , and it was sold into ' cabbage price ', so not only domestic , but also affected the foreign rare earth market . "

" Since 2010 , rare earth prices gradually rise, U.S. companies feel that there is room for profit , of course, there are the strategic needs of the United States itself rare , so rare earth production resumed . " Chen Zhanheng said.

He told reporters: " China began to implement a quota policy in 1999 is to regulate the export of rare earth products of domestic enterprises order, rather than to restrict exports , because we give a quota has been higher than the actual volume of exports has never run before. "In the rare case of a dispute , the Commerce Department also made ​​it clear that : For the Panel finds that China's export duties involved in the product, export quotas and export quota management and allocation measures are inconsistent with WTO rules and China's commitments on joining the WTO , China was sorry.

China believes that under increasingly severe pressure on resources and the environment , the Chinese government in recent years to strengthen and improve the high pollution, high energy consumption of the integrated management of resource products , "These management measures in line with WTO advocates sustainable development goals & rdquo ; .

In addition to the problems of the industry itself , the level of international negotiations and legal construction of China 's rare earth dispute case also exposed the short board . According to the mandatory provisions of WTO rules , WTO member states governments and their administrative actions bound to accept the norms and rules of the WTO , and through the Trade Policy Review Mechanism and accept the strict supervision of the dispute settlement mechanism of the WTO and its members . "So , the WTO requires improve our administrative law system , the rule of law requires the government administration , government affairs public, administrative procedures. The development and improvement of administrative law to join WTO with China is closely related to the ability to obtain the desired effect . " relevant sector experts told reporters , " Since China's WTO accession , we have been standardized and improve their own legal system, this dispute has also exposed the case of international trade rules we use short board , these are the places we need to make up . "

In this regard, China WTO Research Association has publicly said He Weiwen , a few years ago to a rare dispute he had expected would happen . He said: " We set up rare earth export quotas and export taxes in order to protect resources and the environment , this is still compliant . But the problem is in the domestic market is not similar to the consumption of rare earth products and prices sophisticated management practices, thus creating inequality both inside and outside . "


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