Excellent Hardness: 86~93 HRA, which equal to 68~81HRC;
Excellent hot working performance: Hardness could be remained at 60 HRC under 900~1000 ℃;
Resistance to wear: Some grades can outwear hardened steel by over 100 times
Resistance to corrosion: Grades with Nickel and Chromium binders are very resistant to acidic solutions
Impact resistance: Cemented carbides are surprisingly tough considering their high hardness.

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Tungsten cemented carbide is the preferred material for parts that must withstand all forms of wear (including sliding abrasion, erosion, corrosion/wear and metal-to-metal galling) and exhibit a high degree of toughness. It exhibits high compressive strength, resists deflection, and retains its hardness values at high temperatures, a physical property especially useful in metal-cutting applications. It provides long life in applications where other materials would not 0ast or would fail prematurely.

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Tungsten carbide has a high melting point at 2,870 °C, a boiling point of 6,000 °C when under a pressure equivalent to 760mm of Hg, a thermal conductivity of 84.02 W·m−1·K−1, and a coefficient of thermal expansion of 5.8 µm·m−1·K−1.
Tungsten carbide is extremely hard, ranking ~9 on Mohs scale, and with a Vickers number of 1700–2400. It has a Young's modulus of approximately 550 GPa, a bulk modulus of 439 GPa, and a shear modulus of 270 GPa. It has a very high yield stress at 6800 MPa, but a comparatively low ultimate tensile strength of just 35 MPa.
The speed of a longitudinal wave through a thin rod of tungsten cemented carbide is 6220 m/s.
With a low electrical resistivity of, tungsten cemented carbide's resistivity is comparable with that of some metals.
WC is readily wetted by both molten nickel and cobalt. Investigation of the phase diagram of the W-C-Co system shows that WC and Co form a pseudo binary eutectic. The phase diagram also shows that there are so-called η-carbides with composition (W,Co)6C that can be formed and the fact that these phases are brittle is the reason why control of the carbon content in WC-Co hard metals is important.

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Tungsten cemented carbide is the preferred material for parts that must withstand all forms of wear (including sliding abrasion, erosion, corrosion/wear and metal-to-metal galling) and exhibit a high degree of toughness. It exhibits high compressive strength, resists deflection, and retains its hardness values at high temperatures, a physical property especially useful in metal-cutting applications. It provides long life in applications where other materials would not 0ast or would fail prematurely.

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There are two well characterized compounds of tungsten and carbon, WC and tungsten semicarbide, W2C. Both compounds may be present in coatings and the proportions can depend on the coating method.
At high temperatures WC decomposes to tungsten and carbon and this can occur during high-temperature thermal spray, e.g., in high velocity oxygen fuel and high energy plasma methods.

Oxidation of WC starts at 500–600 °C. It is resistant to acids and is only attacked by hydrofluoric acid/nitric acid mixtures above room temperature. It reacts with fluorine gas at room temperature and chlorine above 400 °C and is unreactive to dry H2 up to its melting point. WC dissolves readily in diluted hydrogen peroxide.

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Tungsten cemented carbide is the preferred material for parts that must withstand all forms of wear (including sliding abrasion, erosion, corrosion/wear and metal-to-metal galling) and exhibit a high degree of toughness. It exhibits high compressive strength, resists deflection, and retains its hardness values at high temperatures, a physical property especially useful in metal-cutting applications. It provides long life in applications where other materials would not 0ast or would fail prematurely.

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Tungsten cemented carbide is the preferred material for parts that must withstand all forms of wear (including sliding abrasion, erosion, corrosion/wear and metal-to-metal galling) and exhibit a high degree of toughness. It exhibits high compressive strength, resists deflection, and retains its hardness values at high temperatures, a physical property especially useful in metal-cutting applications. It provides long life in applications where other materials would not 0ast or would fail prematurely.

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Tungsten cemented carbide is the preferred material for parts that must withstand all forms of wear (including sliding abrasion, erosion, corrosion/wear and metal-to-metal galling) and exhibit a high degree of toughness. It exhibits high compressive strength, resists deflection, and retains its hardness values at high temperatures, a physical property especially useful in metal-cutting applications. It provides long life in applications where other materials would not 0ast or would fail prematurely.

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Binder is linked with skim , skim binder determines the way . Degreasing methods include conventional thermal degreasing, solvent degreasing, siphon degreasing , BASF Catalysis skim . Wiech invention also includes degreasing solvent vapor degreasing solvents and high pressure degreasing . Degreasing process caused by changes in C content alloys have a great impact . The success of defatted skim from deformation, cracking , size change , degreasing time , environmental factors, such as the level of cost considerations.

Several methods have their own shortcomings skim . Binder with skim selection should be based economy, no environmental pollution , alloy composition and thickness of the parts . Although there are many ways bonding agent and degreasing , but the wax-based bonding agent has many advantages , in practice, still wax based adhesives and hot degreasing .

PIM thermal debinding is the most difficult and most important step . Degreasing process the incorrect way and skim skim process parameters lead to distortion , cracking, stress and gas inclusions , the product contraction inconsistent. After degreasing its sintering is also important in the cracks generated during degreasing and sintering deformation can not be compensated for densification of the alloy and detrimental to the performance . Thermal debinding temperature is too high , easy to produce carbonation, the alloy performance is greatly affected. Therefore, the selection process is correct or not defatted sample would produce internal defects and alloys have a great impact . PIM contains large amounts of feed in the binder , the strength of the blank after degreasing is very low, almost loose powder aggregates. Therefore , a large shrinkage during the sintering process , easy to collapse , and bending deformation . Especially for liquid-phase sintering of tungsten alloy, high density , required to achieve full densification sintering temperature , the liquid volume, the sintering time is long , W phase and liquid phase density difference is large, the liquid phase sintering process , under the action of gravity , because the liquid flow W rearrangement generation of particles , the collapse and deformation more severe , seriously affecting the homogeneous nature , alloys and control of dimensional accuracy , limiting the complex near-net- shape forming part of . Hence, throughout the injection molding technique, how to control the deformation of the liquid phase sintering process but PIM key issues need to be addressed . Lower the sintering temperature and promote densification during liquid phase sintering can be controlled deformation .



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However, since the PIM using a large number of organic binder , an organic binder in a volume percentage content of 40% -60 % . In these organic binder before sintering must be removed clean. Otherwise they will have many flaws , the sintered product performance has a great influence . Especially for injection molding process especially in the case , this is mainly because :

First, because the fine particle size , irregular shape , was reunited shape, powder large surface area , the required wetting powder binder content more powder volume content ( ie powder loading ) lower , only 45 % to 55 % or so. Adhesive surface of the powder and the powder formed in the inner hole of the adsorption layer is very thick , adhesive removal of more complex and difficult. Incorrect difficult to skim through the cracks caused by the subsequent densification remedy , which performance is very sensitive to pore and crack high-density alloy very unfavorable ; powder loading is low, degreasing process prone to warping , easy deformation ; in the liquid phase sintering shrinkage is too large , the deformation is more serious , making control of dimensional accuracy and stability of physical and mechanical properties is very difficult.

Second, the high density of the alloys are very sensitive to impurities and microstructure , porosity and porosity are important. - Areas produced during removal of large pores and other defects is difficult to compensate by sintering , large pores and high residual porosity ( porosity of> 1.0% ) of the performance is very harmful . On the other hand , the high -density alloy elements are very sensitive to carbon . Degreasing binder removal process is not complete, even if only a small amount of residual carbon will lead to copper and tungsten, nickel, iron , to form brittle intermetallic compounds , thereby reducing the tensile strength , ductility and toughness .
These factors severely restrict the PIM technology in high -density alloy application and development. At home and abroad by powder injection molding technique can only be prepared relatively complex shape , the thickness ( or diameter ) smaller (10mm) parts. For the cross-section changes, large diameter , thickness and width of the ring is very small changes in the large size of a large shotgun and larger diameter tungsten ring tungsten alloy penetrators bomb core ( greater than 20mm), powder injection molding using current technology to prepare very difficulties at home and abroad were no patents and literature reports .

Is to obtain high-quality injection preform having a high dimensional accuracy and high performance components a very critical factor. Unstable injection process , injection preform serious impact generated defect control of dimensional accuracy and performance. The injection process stability depends directly on the binder , and thus in research and development of high-density alloy near net shape technology , adhesive , injection , skim a few important research aspects .




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