Microwave oven magnetron electrode, electron emitters , is an integral part of the interaction space . The performance of the magnetron cathode operating characteristics and lifetime great impact , is considered the heart of the magnetron . People in order to improve the function of the electron emission cathode , in a pure tungsten material added thorium , but this system is made ​​of alloy cathode product exists brittle at room temperature and high temperature brittleness of congenital defects has not yet solved . Magnetron cathode lead in the production, transport and use occurred during uncontrolled rupture , resulting in failure of the magnetron . Seriously affect the reliability of the product , increasing the manufacturing cost. In addition , radioactive thorium , thorium added as the main raw material , in the smelting , production, transport and use, the environmental pollution , the final product made ​​of the contact potential human health is also adversely affected, and Th half-life of 1.39 × 10 10 years, it is difficult to recycle , and its discarded products constitute a threat of pollution to the environment , so while China is currently the world's 100% commitment microwave oven magnetron production of rare earth thorium as an extremely important strategic resource , nuclear power can be used for clean energy manufacturing , therefore, from the viewpoint of the rational use of resources , in the microwave , to provide an alternative to the existing thoriated tungsten cathode magnetron has become an important research topic in the field .

Rhenium Yttrium tungsten electrode microwave oven magnetron and its preparation process object of the invention is to solve the inadequacy of existing technology to provide not only a good product performance , long life , low production costs , and no radiation in the microwave magnetron tungsten rhenium yttrium cathode . Yttrium tungsten rhenium microwave oven magnetron electrode and its preparation process is another object of the invention is to provide a tungsten- rhenium yttrium said microwave oven magnetron cathode preparation .


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A microwave oven magnetron yttrium rhenium tungsten electrode preparation process, which comprises the following steps :

a, Mixture , calculated by weight percent : 0.3 3% yttrium , 0.1-2 % rhenium , tungsten, rhenium, the balance in the proportion of yttrium solution and ammonium paratungstate , tungsten, yttrium mixed into a mixture of rhenium ;

b, The first hydrogen reduction , the use of temperature-programmed manner 400 900 ℃ stages remain , for every stage 8 15min;

c, The second hydrogen reduction , the use of temperature-programmed manner 600 1100 ℃ stages remain , for every stage 8 15min, prepared yttrium tungsten rhenium alloy powder ;

d, Compacts , secondary vertical melt at 2000 2700 ℃ phases remain 10 20 min;

e, Forged after cooling , alumina insulation, the alloy material to cool slowly ;

f, Drawing, using a long furnace , divided 3 warm period, the first phase of the 480 550 ℃, the second phase 900 1000 ℃, the third phase 700 800 ℃, heat from low to high and then using a parabolic cooling process control ; < br />
g, Electrolysis , cutting , sodium clean shape.


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A microwave oven magnetron tungsten rhenium and yttrium electrode production method disclosed preparation of a tungsten- rhenium yttrium microwave oven magnetron cathode , characterized in that it has a composition by weight percentage calculated including 0.3-3 % yttrium , rhenium 0.1-2 % tungsten margin. This microwave oven magnetron rhenium tungsten electrode preparation of yttrium and production methods disclosed yttrium tungsten rhenium microwave oven magnetron cathode preparation process , the product of this invention is brittle and high temperature performance , enhanced product plasticity, work performance, strong plastic, low production cost, no radiation, to achieve the same effectiveness of the work can greatly reduce its operating temperature , which can significantly reduce the temperature of the metal electrode material requirements , environmental compliance , and can significantly reduce manufacturing costs.

(1 )A tungsten- rhenium yttrium microwave oven magnetron cathode , characterized in that it has a composition by weight percentage terms comprises 0.33% yttrium , 0.1-2 % rhenium , tungsten margin.

(2) As claimed in claim 1, wherein the tungsten- rhenium yttrium A microwave oven magnetron cathode , characterized in that the microwave oven magnetron cathode yttrium tungsten rhenium content is preferably calculated as a percentage by weight : 0.62% yttrium , rhenium 0.5 1% tungsten margin.

(3 )According to claim 1 or 2, wherein the tungsten- rhenium yttrium A microwave oven magnetron electrodes , characterized in that the microwave oven magnetron cathode yttrium tungsten rhenium spring-like structure , an outer diameter of 24mm, diameter of 0.3,0.5 mm.


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Yttrium tungsten electrode is a new type of non-radioactive tungsten electrode material , mainly used in inert gas welding and plasma welding, cutting , painting, smelting , and gas discharge light sources and other industries. Yttrium Tungsten Electrode Product main feature is non-radioactive, humans and the environment without any pollution, low electron work function . In an inert gas welding , easy arc starting , stable arc, arc repeatedly with high reliability , eliminating the use of cerium tungsten electrode welding seam black lines appearing on the sides . The Harbin Welding Institute tests , yttrium tungsten electrode life than about 1 times more cerium tungsten , because long service life , reducing the electrode grinding dust generated when heavy harm to human body . Optical flow of the gas discharge , the electrode sputtering low activation conditions than thorium tungsten electrode width and easy handling , low voltage lighting fire , resistance to ion bombardment high-performance, operating voltage and arc stability, life doubled. The main technical indicators: yttria content of 0.8-22 %, respectively.

Yttrium tungsten electrode welding, arc beam slender, compression large, medium and high current penetration is relatively large when it is mainly used in military industry and the aerospace industry.

Zirconia doped tungsten , zirconium production of tungsten electrodes . Specific data is as follows :

Other Grades of dopant Doping Doping electron work function color Coating head
                      WY                 YO2          1.80 ~ 2.20%      <0.20% 2.0 ~ 3.9      blue


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WY20 Yttrium tungsten electrodes for TIG welding blue , which is a tungsten matrix by powder metallurgy method of incorporation of about 0.3% -5% of a rare earth element , such as : cerium, thorium , lanthanum , zirconium, yttrium and the production of tungsten alloy strip , and then after pressure processing, diameters from 0.1 to 80mm, standard length from 75 to 600 , while the most commonly used specifications for diameter 1.0,1.6,2.4 and 3.2 , electricity extreme in terms of the shape of the TIG is a important factor when using DCSP , the power ground terminal to be pointed shape , and the angle of the tip with the application, electrode diameter , and welding current to change , narrow tip joint requires a smaller angle , when the welding very thin material, to be low current , like the needle electrodes for a minimum to stabilize the arc , and to ensure proper grounding electrode arc easily , good arc stability and appropriate weld bead width . When the AC power to the welding, grinding electricity without the extreme , because using the appropriate welding current, electrode terminals will form half of the ball , if the increase in the welding current, electrode tip becomes bulb -shaped and may melt and contaminate molten gold .

Yttrium tungsten electrode ( grades WY20) in the welding arc beam slim , compress large degree , in the medium and high current penetration is relatively large , mainly used in military industry and the aerospace industry .


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High levels of yttrium tungsten electrode welding, electron emission ability, slender arc beam , a large degree of compression , in the middle of its large current penetration is relatively large. High levels of tungsten, yttrium electrode yttrium content of 1.8-2.2 %, and the electron escape Gong Wei 2.0-3.9 % .

High levels of yttrium tungsten electrode tungsten yttrium invention discloses a high quality method of manufacturing an electrode , the method comprising :

a. Would doped yttrium nitrate aqueous solution spray evenly mixed with solid material way paratungstate (APT) or tungsten trioxide , heated drying coating made ​​of tungsten, yttrium powder ;

b. Obtained for the yttrium -coated tungsten powder obtained after reduction twice yttrium tungsten powder , after pressing, sintering made ​​of tungsten, yttrium billet ;

c. Forging pressure processing manner using the obtained tungsten billet made ​​of yttrium Yttrium tungsten electrode . In this method, the yttrium nitrate aqueous solution was sprayed Doping mixed with ammonium paratungstate (APT) or tungsten oxide in the solid material in spray form the yttrium nitrate aqueous solution encapsulated in the ammonium paratungstate (APT) or tungsten trioxide of the surface to mixing, stirring, with the completion of drying , to prepare a uniform coated yttrium tungsten powder , improve the production capacity and make more uniform powder coating , yttrium tungsten effectively improved the performance in the welding electrodes .


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Yttrium is a chemical element , its chemical symbol is Y, its atomic number is 39 , is a silvery-white transition metal . Yttrium is a silver with metallic gloss rare earth metals , it is fairly stable in the air , it is chemically similar characteristics and lanthanum . Yttrium debris in air at 400 degrees Celsius can be spontaneous , its powder is unstable in the air . In the process of nuclear absorption of its middle section is small. Average price of yttrium oxide +3 .

Yttrium rare earth metals are common . Wherein the two compounds of yttrium YVO4: Eu and Y2O3: Eu can be used to produce a red color television phosphors .

Yttrium tungsten electrode tungsten, yttrium products. Blue distinction as its symbol . High compressive strength, high and medium current welding high permeability .

Yttrium tungsten electrode welding, arc beam slender, compression large, medium and high current when its maximum penetration . Mainly used in military industry and aerospace industries .

Yttrium tungsten electrode packaging requirements : 10 / plastic box , the length is 150mm or 175mm, 1000 per carton .


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Zirconium Tungsten Tungsten electrodes for TIG welding , which is a tungsten matrix by powder metallurgy method of incorporation of about 0.3% -5% of a rare earth element such as : cerium, thorium , lanthanum , zirconium, yttrium and the production of tungsten alloy strip , then after pressure processing, diameters from 0.1 to 80mm, standard length from 75 to 600 , while the most commonly used specifications for diameter 1.0,1.6,2.4 and 3.2 , the shape of the TIG electrode terminal is an important factor in terms of , when using DCSP , the power ground terminal to be pointed shape , and the angle of the tip with the application, electrode diameter , and welding current to change , narrow edge connectors require a smaller angle , when the weld very thin material, required low current , like needle electrodes for a minimum to stabilize the arc , and to ensure proper grounding electrode arc easily , good arc stability and appropriate weld bead width . When the AC power to the welding, grinding electricity without the extreme , because using the appropriate welding current, electrode terminals will form half of the ball , if the increase in the welding current, electrode tip becomes bulb -shaped and may melt and contaminate molten gold .

Zirconium tungsten electrode ( grades WZ3, WZ8) under the conditions of the AC welding performance is good, and has good corrosion resistance. Especially in the case of high load currents , zirconium tungsten electrodes increased performance can not be replaced by other electrodes . In welding , the end portion of the tungsten electrode of zirconium to maintain a reduced spherical tungsten infiltration phenomena , conditions suitable for the exchange of Mg alloys.


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When evaluating or finding equivalents of tungsten carbide grades the important criteria is to specify two of three factors. Binder content, hardness or grain size. In straight matrix materials any two of these will match the third. A 15% binder with hardness of 88.0 RA would have to be fine grain material whereas with a hardness of 86.0 RA would need a very coarse grade to achieve it. Specifying cobalt binder only can be a dangerous game. Take control of each situation and ensure you know what you are using and why so that consistency of specification can be obtained from whatever source. We can achieve hardness differential on 15% cobalt: purely by varying the grain size, that would need a spread of 11% cobalt over same gain size materials.

All specifications of tungsten carbide are designed and engineered for a purpose and rigid controls are kept throughout production processes to ensure adherence to grade engineering. Quality control properties such as hardness, density, and minimum transverse rupture strength were determined from tests made on each batch of powder before it is used in the manufacturing process. Other properties such as Young's modulus of Elasticity , Poisson's ratio , Coefficient of Thermal Expansion, Thermal Conductivity and Electrical Conductivity are used by engineers for design calculations. Properties such as compressive strength, grain size and abrasion resistance give the designer additional information about the suitability of the grade for the part being designed.

                   


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Whenever you are considering an investment in gold, you must require proof that the item that you are purchasing is actually gold. A simple certification is nearly worthless in the legal system since there is no way to prove that you yourself did not switch the gold for fake gold after the gold came into your possession. Work with a trusted jeweler or other expert to make sure before you buy, you are getting the real thing, because you have next to no recourse once the deal is done.

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