Cerium oxide is added tungsten, cerium tungsten electrodes produced. Specific data is as follows:

Other grades dopant doping doping electron work function color coating head
WC 0 ceria 2 1.80 ~ 2.20% <0.20% 2.7 ~ 2.8 gray

Cerium tungsten thorium tungsten material than has the following advantages:

* Non radiative * Low melting rate * Long life * Good welding arc resistance. Therefore, cerium tungsten is a low current welding environment thorium tungsten best substitute.
Cerium tungsten electrodes are used in low current DC welding.

Cerium tungsten at low current with excellent arc performance, thus becoming mostly rail pipe welding equipment manufacturer's standard, in addition, it is also used for other low-current applications such as precision small parts welding.

Cerium tungsten is not suitable for applications under high current conditions, because in this condition, the oxide will be quickly moved to the heat zone, the tip of the welding electrode, so that the uniformity of the oxide damage, which due to oxidation uniform distribution of matter brought these benefits will cease to exist.


Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com;sales@xiamentungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

 

Cerium Tungsten Electrodes Advantages

Cerium tungsten electrode has the advantage of no radiation, melting rate, long life. Cerium tungsten electrodes at low current welding under the best products but also for other low currents as small and complex parts of the welding. Cerium tungsten electrodes having a tungsten electrode performance and environmental value of this, cerium tungsten electrode tip color is gray.

Cerium tungsten electrode and thoriated tungsten electrode has the following advantages: a slight thorium tungsten radiation, they are to a high current condition in order to run. However, cerium tungsten electrodes are non-radiation welding materials, and can be run at low current.

Cerium tungsten electrodes can replace thoriated tungsten electrodes. Another cerium tungsten electrodes chemical properties, and their cathode spot is small, the pressure drop, no burning, so the arc welding is the most widely used.

The Use of Cerium Tungsten Electrodes

For DC or AC welding, especially in the small current pipeline on rail, small precision parts welded best results. Mainly used in steel, stainless steel, silicon brass, copper, bronze, titanium and other materials, welding, but there is a slight radioactive contamination.


Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com;sales@xiamentungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

Cerium Tungsten Electrode Characteristics

Cerium tungsten electrodes in the early 1980s, introduced to the United States , as a non- radioactive tungsten electrodes to replace thoriated tungsten . Cerium tungsten electrodes which usually contains 2% cerium oxide. Known cerium tungsten electrodes at a low voltage , for DC welding , because the low voltage arc easily in the job to be lower than 10% thoriated tungsten . For pipe welding , cerium tungsten electrodes are the most popular , also commonly used to weld small parts. And compared to pure tungsten electrodes , cerium tungsten electrodes have a lower rate of combustion or evaporation rate . With increasing the content of cerium oxide , these advantages are increased. Ce has the highest mobility , and thus the time at the beginning of welding , the welding performance is very good . Over time , the grain growth , the migration rate will be significantly reduced. However, at low voltages , a longer life than the thoriated tungsten electrode . Because of these characteristics, tend to favor short-cycle welding or soldering specific amount before you replace the electrode . High current, voltage tungsten electrode welding is best to use thorium or lanthanum tungsten electrode . Cerium tungsten electrodes (EWCe-2) successfully used for DC or AC on , but mainly for DC welding, because the AC welding, easy to split .

Cerium tungsten electrodes packaging requirements : 10 / plastic box , the length is 150mm or 175mm, 1000只per carton .


Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com;sales@xiamentungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

 

Lanthanum tungsten electrodes is already the internationally popular electrode materials, especially the content is 1.5% ( with a content of 2.0% difference) lanthanum tungsten electrode . Scientific research study showed that 1.5% lanthanum tungsten, tungsten thorium with the nearest 2.0% demonstrated conductive properties, therefore , welding personnel can easily replace the electrode , rather than replace the device parameters. In 1998 there is a very famous field trials , is to 2.0% thoriated tungsten electrodes , 2.0% cerium tungsten electrodes and two vendors 1.5% lanthanum tungsten electrodes at 70 Ann 150 amps , 300 volts DC environment for welding tasks , the fruit is , in both cases , 1.5% lanthanum tungsten electrodes have demonstrated its excellent welding performance , but also reflects its small burn rate characteristics. Lanthanum tungsten electrode is also suitable for AC welding tasks , and performance excellence.

Lanthanum tungsten electrode welding because of its good performance in the international welding industry concern. Lanthanum tungsten electrode conductivity closest WT20 thorium tungsten electrode . Therefore , welders welding operation without changing any program can use this convenient alternative thorium tungsten electrode electrode . This shift , whether in exchange conditions or under DC conditions are easier. Another advantage of lanthanum tungsten electrode performance at its current high durability and burning the minimum rate .


Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com;sales@xiamentungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn
 

Lanthanum tungsten electrode manufacturing method relates to a method mainly used for TIG ( tungsten inert gas welding ) and PLASMA ( plasma ) technology for metal welding , cutting, spray coating , smelting a method of manufacturing the tungsten electrode . Wherein : a, and include use of lanthanum acetate APT, tungsten and tungsten trioxide powder made ​​of solid material slurry water mixed to prepare lanthanum tungsten-coated powder ; b, lanthanum tungsten-coated powder decomposition of lanthanum the process is carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere . The method of the present invention can be more fully decomposed lanthanum , significant improvement in the melt down process Chinese conductivity material , and the decomposition of the lanthanum salt and reduction process in the same equipment at the same time , simplify the process, which can effectively reduce the hours of work, saving energy.

Lanthanum tungsten electrode welding in alternating current outstanding performance . Also, because the end of the electrode in the welding process spherical, contamination resistance is very strong, very suitable for welds shall be subjected to serious pollution of the occasion . Lanthanum tungsten electrode is a hundred years European countries have introduced a class of products , the purpose is expected to replace with radioactive thorium tungsten electrode . Once launched , lanthanum tungsten electrode will by the international community praised the welding , and its export volume has considerable tungsten electrodes with thorium . Lanthanum tungsten electrode is characterized by conductive properties closest to 2% thoriated tungsten electrodes , durable high burning rate of the current minimum .

Lanthanum oxide, lanthanum component comprising tungsten oxide, lanthanum into 2 %, 1.5% , 1%, three levels . Lanthanum is a rare earth, and no radioactive , it is known as lanthanum tungsten electrodes substituted products thoriated tungsten electrode . Lanthanum tungsten electrode is mainly used for DC welding, AC welding can also play a good effect . 1.5% lanthanum tungsten electrode , low current, easy arc starting and stable low current arc . 2% lanthanum tungsten thorium tungsten electrode life longer than in most use arcing easier . Especially good (a) to prevent thermal shock , (b) short cycle repeated ignition welding case , the welding good (c) to avoid contamination.


Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com;sales@xiamentungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

 

In order to take power system with excellent performance and no radioactive contamination of tungsten electrode, tungsten trioxide powder of lanthanum oxide was added , after reduction, vertical melt , swaging , drawing obtained Φ2.7mm lanthanum tungsten electrode with the same specifications cerium tungsten, tungsten thorium power level for the electrical performance comparison , while a scanning electron microscope , measuring the electrical performance test tungsten lanthanum , cerium tungsten electrodes lanthanum , cerium content and microstructure of the distribution . The results showed that: Lanthanum tungsten electrode tungsten electrical performance than cerium , thorium tungsten ; lanthanum oxide, lanthanum tungsten migration rate , evaporation rate is low , to form a better lap dovetail organization with high temperature creep performance.

Lanthanum tungsten electrode manufacturing method with the use of lanthanum nitrate lanthanum tungsten-coated powder preparation methods, in common with the reduction of time is prolonged, the lanthanum average particle size of the tungsten powder coated grow . The lanthanum nitrate reduction by more sensitive to the impact of time , the average increase in grain size range. The method of the present invention , lanthanum tungsten-coated powder particle size by reducing the influence of time fluctuation is small, in the particle size range within a certain time basically converge. These two different approaches are eventually encapsulated in the form of La2O3 tungsten , plays the role of grain refinement , but due to their respective decomposition temperature differences inevitably lead to the difference in outcome . The method of the present invention , the specific process conditions, the particle size range of less volatile , and in accordance with repression, burn process requirements , which can effectively reduce gasification process , helping to eliminate harmful gases nitrogen oxide pollution is a more ideal method for preparing lanthanum tungsten electrodes .


Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com;sales@xiamentungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

 

Case 1.

Take APT powder 1000 grams , adding 1000 grams of water , stir , add 60 grams of lanthanum lanthanum continue to stir , steam heated and concentrated , dried and sieved to obtain lanthanum tungsten-coated powder . The prepared lanthanum tungsten-coated powder loaded boat , put through a hydrogen reduction furnace , heated to conduct a reduction temperature of 600 ℃, the reduction time is 2 hours. Then continue to a second temperature to 800 ℃ restore , restore time control in 3.5 hours , the hydrogen flow rate during 0.5m3 / h. Then lanthanum tungsten-coated powder into alcohol , glycerin lubricant mixing one hour after sifting , pressing, burn , pressing, calcining process conditions: loading powder quantity :650-700g / root , repression burn pressure : 60 ~ 80MPa sintering temperature : 1050 ~ 1400 ℃, sintering time : 40 ~ 60 minutes. Then using a conventional vertical melt sintering process , process conditions are as follows : vertical melt temperature : 2600 ~ 3000 ℃, holding time : 20 minutes Cooling time: 2 minutes , cooling time: 3 minutes . Finally finished processing , vertical melt billets after passing inspection , will be qualified blanks , into protected with a hydrogen furnace , then the sample temperature for 20 minutes to process requirements , as required swaging , and then processed to the desired product with different specifications .

Example 2.

Take tungsten powder 700 g , add 700 grams of water , stir , add 55 grams of lanthanum lanthanum continue to stir , steam heated and concentrated , dried and sieved to obtain lanthanum tungsten-coated powder . The prepared lanthanum tungsten-coated powder loaded boat , put through a hydrogen reduction furnace , heated to conduct a reduction temperature of 650 ℃, the reduction time 2 hours . Then continue to a second temperature to 900 ℃ restore , restore time control in four hours , during the hydrogen flow 0.5m3 / h. Other conditions are the same in Example 1 .

Example 3.

Take tungsten trioxide powder 850 g , add 850 grams of water , stir , add 58 grams of lanthanum lanthanum , continue stirring evenly, by steam heated and concentrated , dried and sieved to obtain lanthanum tungsten-coated powder . The prepared lanthanum tungsten-coated powder loaded boat , put through a hydrogen reduction furnace , heating get in a reduction temperature of 670 ℃, the reduction time 2.5 hours . Continue to warm to 970 ℃ for secondary reduction, reduction time control in five hours , during the hydrogen flow 0.5m3 / h. Other conditions are the same in Example 1 .


Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com;sales@xiamentungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn
 

1. Experimental Materials : APT, tungsten oxide , tungsten powder: purity of more than 99.5% ( by weight ) ; iron : content is less than 0.0025% ; Molybdenum : less than 0.01 % ; arsenic: content is less than 0.0025% ; alumina : content is less than 0.005% ; phosphorus: content is less than 0.01% ; oxidation residue traces of material size APT: 25 ~ 36μm; WO3: 8 ~ 9μm; tungsten powder : 2 ~ 2.5μm;

2. Lanthanum tungsten-coated powder Preparation: Materials used by Solid : H2O = 1:1 ratio mixing thoroughly stirred and then the prepared tungsten electrodes grade requirement ratio quantity of lanthanum acetate was added uniformly continued mixing uniformly , heated and concentrated by means of steam , drying, sieving step before being sent to restore.

3 Restore the prepared lanthanum tungsten-coated powder loaded boat after reduction furnace temperature decomposition and a secondary reduction, a reduction temperature of 600 ~ 700 ℃ , the restore time is 2 to 3 hours . Second reduction temperature : 800 ~ 970 ℃, time is 3-5 hours. These processes are carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere , the hydrogen flow control : 0.5 ~ 1.5m3 / h.

4 It will be restored after pressure type lanthanum tungsten powder coated aggregate batches for 2-5 hours , then physical and chemical analysis , to be lanthanum tungsten-coated powder has an average particle size of lanthanum oxide content and uniformity are in compliance with technical requirements , the addition of alcohol , glycerine lubricant mixing one hour after sifting , pressing, burn , pressing, calcining process conditions: loading powder quantity :650-700g / root , repression burn pressure : 60 ~ 80MPa, the sintering temperature : 1050 ~ 1400 ℃, sintering time : 40 ~ 60 minutes.

5 Vertical melt using conventional vertical melt sintering process , process conditions are as follows : vertical melt temperature : 2600 ~ 3000 ℃, holding time : 20 minutes Cooling time: 2 minutes , cooling time: 3 minutes .

6 Finished processing vertical melt billets after passing inspection , will be qualified blanks , into the furnace with hydrogen protection , according to the technological requirements of the sample temperature for 20 minutes , according to the requirements swaging , and then processed to different specifications of the finished product desired .


Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com;sales@xiamentungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn

Lanthanum tungsten electrode manufacturing method, comprising lanthanum tungsten-coated powder preparation , reduction, pressure type , melt down , and finished processing the preform , characterized in that : a. Using lanthanum acetate and including APT, tungsten and tungsten trioxide powder the solid material into a slurry with water mixed to prepare a lanthanum tungsten-coated powder ; b. lanthanum tungsten-coated powder decomposition of lanthanum was conducted in a hydrogen atmosphere , a reduction temperature is controlled at 600 ~ 700 ℃, time 2-3 hours , the second reduction temperature controlled at 800-970 ℃, reduction time 3-5 hours , the hydrogen flow control during the 0.5-2.0m3 / h.

The process of the invention include use of lanthanum acetate was added to APT, tungsten and tungsten trioxide powder of solid material , synthetic lanthanum tungsten-coated powder prepared by the method of lanthanum tungsten electrodes , instead of lanthanum nitrate used in the prior art tungsten-coated powder preparation Lanthanum the method of eliminating nitrogen oxides due to the gas generated by the decomposition of nitrate pollution. Since lanthanum acetate and lanthanum nitrate in the decomposition temperature differences, resulting in process effect differences. Prepared using lanthanum acetate, lanthanum tungsten-coated powder decomposition temperature greatly reduced , effectively simplify the process , and the method of the present invention is carried out in a hydrogen atmosphere using lanthanum decomposition avoids lanthanum compound is unstable in an oxidizing atmosphere of volatile , but also make the lanthanum salts decompose more fully, significantly improved vertical melt process the Chinese material conductive properties. With the lanthanum salt decomposition and reduction process to achieve continuous operation in the same device to complete two processes , greatly simplified the process, the reduction of working hours , saving energy , is an ideal method for producing lanthanum tungsten electrodes .


Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com;sales@xiamentungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn


 

Lanthanum tungsten electrode manufacturing method relates to a method mainly used for TIG ( tungsten inert gas welding ) and PLASMA ( plasma ) technology for metal welding , cutting, spray coating , smelting a method of manufacturing the tungsten electrode .

TIG tungsten electrode materials and PLSMA is a key technology in materials. Has been used in industry there are many types of tungsten electrodes . Tungsten electrodes widely used in the thoriated tungsten electrode shows better performance. However, due to which the body will produce thorium radiological hazards and the cumulative nature of the radioactive contamination of the environment , for people developed a cerium tungsten electrodes in an attempt to replace the technical field of TIG and PLSMA radioactive thorium tungsten electrode . Practical application shows that cerium tungsten electrodes in the small current welding , etc. successfully replaced thorium tungsten electrode , but in AC polarity , gas discharge light source , cathode emission materials, Shangmo completely replace thoriated tungsten electrodes , there is repeated arcing , poor reliability , burning rate, life expectancy and low defects. With the development of high-tech , machinery and electronics , petroleum, chemical , aerospace , shipbuilding , atomic energy and other fields, the metal being cut parent material type , shape, thickness and other requirements and more complex, the performance requirements for tungsten electrodes more increasingly harsh. Need to develop a better performance of the electrode in order to meet their needs. The results show that the addition of rare earth elements La, Y can effectively improve the performance of tungsten electrodes , especially lanthanum tungsten electrode has a long life and good performance from arc has broad application prospects .

Lanthanum tungsten electrode current manufacturing methods , the solid material is mainly used uniformly mixed with lanthanum nitrate , concentrated by heating , drying ( roasting ) , screening and other processes lanthanum tungsten-coated powder was prepared , and then restored , pressure type , vertical melting , billet and finished processing system to obtain lanthanum tungsten electrode . As is the use of nitrate -coated powder preparation method of the preparation process, will produce large amounts of NO pollution, and the decomposition temperature of the nitrate is high, it takes a long time to complete decomposition of calcination , resulting in process is difficult . And there may be generated due to decomposition of the nitrates incomplete , resulting in poor conductivity of billet , process performance deterioration phenomenon. Into the present application in September 1989 Patent No. 89107270.5 patent application , the disclosure of cerium acetate was prepared using the method of cerium tungsten electrodes , the method is effective to prevent the manufacturing process of cerium tungsten electrodes , preparing a NOx generated when powder coated environmental pollution , harsh operating conditions , but in the processing performance, there are still insufficient .


Tungsten Alloy Manufacturer & Supplier: Chinatungsten Online - http://www.tungsten-alloy.com
Tel.: 86 592 5129696; Fax: 86 592 5129797
Email: sales@chinatungsten.com;sales@xiamentungsten.com
Tungsten & Molybdenum Information Bank: http://i.chinatungsten.com
Tungsten News & Tungsten Prices, 3G Version: http://3g.chinatungsten.com
Molybdenum News & Molybdenum Price: http://news.molybdenum.com.cn