Tungsten Alloy Aircraft Weight Application

As far as we know, in the large modern ships, the keel often made ​​or fitted with such materials with high specific gravity material such as lead. But lead is easy to produce pollution, due to the high proportion of tungsten materials and non-toxic, tungsten alloy has increasingly been used the weight of the vessel. This weight placed on the more low (usually at the bottom of the keel) more able to maintain the balance of the boat. Traditionally used sand or stone.


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What is crankshaft?

The crankshaft, sometimes casually abbreviated to crank, is the part of an engine which translates reciprocating linear piston motion into rotation.

How does crankshaft work?

The rods and bearings connects the piston to the crankshaft, when the piston moves up and down, the crankshaft is moved as describing a circle by the rods and bearings, then, the crankshaft is rotating.

Advantages for tungsten alloy crankshaft

Nowadays, modern engine is often made from special metal alloys, and much lighter than earlier engines. So the powder and performance of a modern engine are increased. Also,
It is necessary to provide counterweights for the reciprocating mass of each piston and connecting rod to improve balance in engines, and these are typically cast as part of the crankshaft. Lead is cheap but the density is much lower than tungsten heavy alloy, and it is not environmental friendly, as for steel, tungsten heavy alloy are more than twice the density of it, so compared with other materials, tungsten heavy alloy is certainly considered t as the most appropriate crankshaft material for its properties as follows:

Small volume but high density

Excellent hardness

Superior wearing resistance

Good corrosion resistance

Wonderful Shock resistance

High melting point

High temperature resistance

Environmental friendly


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Tungsten eye shield can use either the 0.5 mm or 1 mm thick anodized aluminum cap (both are included with each tungsten eye shield) to reduce the electron backscatter to the eyelid. Tungsten eye shield can be used without the aluminum cap when placed superficially. Tungsten eye shields have less transmission than other eye shields.
 
The 2 mm tungsten eye shield is recommended for use with 6 MeV. The 3 mm tungsten eye shield is recommended for 9 MeV. These tungsten eye shields are not recommended for use above 9 MeV. The user will have to determine an acceptable amount of backscatter to decide whether to use 0.5 mm or 1 mm aluminum cap.



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Technology implemented at over 40 percent of the operating nuclear power plants in the United States is now being used to help in the efforts to contain the stricken reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan.

Tungsten shielding, first developed in 2006 with a partnership between Entergy Nuclear and American Ceramics Technology, has been used by Entergy employees since 2008 for protection from radiation while performing maintenance during refueling outages. The shielding is a flexible heat-resistant material made of tungsten and iron metal powder immersed in a silicone polymer.

Traditionally, lead has been the product of choice for radiation shielding. Tungsten shielding has the ability to field-fit, providing for attenuation of radiation totaling from 5 to 10 person-Rem/year than provided by the equivalent weight of traditional lead blanket. And since tungsten is thinner and weighs as much as 50 percent less than lead, it may be more forgiving when workers are performing the physical activities required in a nuclear power plant.

"It gives them better protection at a lighter weight and better mobility," said Dick Culbertson, CEO of American Ceramics Technology.

Vests made of tungsten worn by employees working in areas where there is exposure to radiation were successful when first used, but did have limitations. The vests had the ability to protect only the front of the body, so the source of radiation had to be directly in front of the worker. Then, American Ceramics Technology received a request from the 810 MW Cooper Nuclear station, which Entergy provides support services to, for a vest that covered the entire body, front and back. Workers at Cooper were entering areas of the plant that had a high dose field coming from all directions.


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Experts find that radiation exposure could be reduced by maxing shielding. The density of a material is related to its radiation stopping ability. Higher density means better stopping power and shielding. Due to a higher density, tungsten alloy radiation shielding has a much higher stopping power than lead. Its greater linear attenuation of gamma radiations means that less is required for equal shielding. Alternatively equal amounts of tungsten alloy radiation shielding provide diminished exposure risks than equivalent lead shielding.

Tungsten alloy radiation shielding is a suitable raw material for radiation protection, as its combination of radiographic density (more than 60% denser than lead), machinability, good corrosion resistance, high radiation absorption (superior to lead), simplified life cycle and high strength. It can provide the same degree of protection as lead whilst significantly reducing the overall volume and thickness of shields and containers. Besides, compared with lead or depleted uranium in the past, tungsten alloy radiation shielding is more acceptable in this case, for they are non-toxic.


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Fragmentation warhead is one of the main types of warheads, mainly by the role of high-energy explosives, the formation of a large number of high-speed fragments, using high-speed hitting the tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments, the role of ignition and detonation damage targets, and can be used for anti-effectives (human, animal), no armor or light armored vehicles, aircraft, radar and missiles and other weapons and equipment. According to the generation of fragments channels, fragmentation warhead can be divided into natural, pre-control and pre-fragmented warhead three types.

tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments are natural under detonation. Tungsten alloy ball, the shell expansion, fracture broken of such warheads is characterized not only as a container shell to form another anti-elements, fragments the size of the uneven, irregular shape in the air fast decay in flight speed, so that the effective anti-personnel grenade is limited in scope. Usually, tungsten alloy prefabricated fragments made from tungsten alloy ball. We can provide different sizes of tungsten alloy balls in accordance with your requirements.



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Tungsten kinetic energy penetrator (also known as a KE weapon) is a type of ammunition that, like a bullet, does not contain explosives and uses kinetic energy to penetrate the target.

The opposite technique to tungsten kinetic energy penetrator uses chemical energy penetrators. There are two types of these shells in use: high explosive anti-tank (HEAT) and high explosive squash head (HESH). They have been widely used against armor in the past and still have a role but are less effective against modern composite armor such as Chobham as used on main battle tanks today.

The principle of the tungsten kinetic energy penetrator is that it uses its kinetic energy, which is a function of mass and velocity, to force its way through armor. The modern KE weapon maximizes KE and minimizes the area over which it is delivered by:
being fired with a very high muzzle velocity
concentrating the force in a small impact area while still retaining a relatively large mass
maximizing the mass of whatever (albeit small) volume is occupied by the projectile—that is, using the densest metals practical, which is one of the reasons depleted uranium is often used.

Tungsten kinetic energy penetrator has led to the current designs that resemble a long metal arrow.



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Tungsten armor piercing shells for tank guns, although used by most forces of this period, were not used by the British. The only British APHE projectile was the AP, Mk1 for the 2 pdr anti-tank gun and this was dropped as the product was found that the fuse tended to separate from the body during penetration. Even when the fuse didn't separate and the system functioned correctly, damage to the interior was little different from the solid shot, and so did not warrant the additional time and cost of producing a shell version. APHE projectiles of this period used a bursting charge of about 1-3% of the weight of the complete projectile, the filling detonated by a rear mounted delay fuse. The explosive used in APHE projectiles needs to be highly insensitive to shock to prevent premature detonation. The US forces normally used the Explosive D, otherwise known as ammonium pirate, for this purpose. Other combatant forces of the period used various explosives, suitability desensitized (usually by the use of waxes mixed with the explosive).

Tungsten armor piercing shells were used prior to and during World War I were generally cast from special chromium (stainless) steel that was melted in pots. They were forged into shape afterward and then thoroughly annealed, the core bored at the rear and the exterior turned up in a lathe. The projectiles were finished in a similar manner to others described above. The final, or tempering treatment, which gave the required hardness/toughness profile (differential hardening) to the projectile body, was a closely guarded secret.



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Tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing projectile which is made of tungsten alloy comprising a high density penetrator core with a tapered front end and a multi-part outer case in partial contact with the core. This kind of armor piercing projectile will not penetrate because the multi-part jointed case is not as strong as a single-piece, monolithic case. Also, since the hard core is loose and not bonded to the case, then the core can not provide additional structural support. In addition, tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing projectile does not have the ability to either explosively damage the target after penetration, or take data from an instrumentation package during or after penetration.

"Hollow-point" design results in radial expansion of the jacket into "petals" as the tungsten alloy swaging rod travels through the target. Such "flowering" of the case upon impact severely limits the depth of penetration into hardened targets.

Tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing projectile comprising a heavy metal core and a segmented sabot with both right-handed and left-handed threads that separates from the core after exiting the gun's nozzle. It will not penetrate deeply because the nose end is made of a brittle heavy metal alloy, rather than high-strength steel. Also, it requires the use of a discarding sabot carrier.

Tungsten alloy swaging rod for armor piercing projectile with a speculating core comprising an elongated arrow style it is of a core surrounded by a body, where the hardness of the core is greater than twice the hardness of the body. The outer case is made out of tungsten alloy swaging rod. The brittle behavior of these alloys will prevent this from achieving deep penetration in hardened targets, when compared to cases made of high-strength and high-toughness steel alloys.



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The most widely used tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets in the world are made of a hardened steel, tungsten alloy, tungsten-carbide, or depleted uranium penetrator enclosed within a softer material, such as copper or aluminum. Tungsten alloy rounds, for instance, take advantage of their high-density material, designed to retain its shape and carry the maximum possible amount of energy as deep as possible into the target.

The tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets fired from rifles are strengthened with a copper or cuprous-nickel jacket, much like the jacket that surrounds lead in a conventional projectile, a jacket which is destroyed upon impact to allow the penetrating charge to continue its movement through the targeted substance.

One of the most famous types of tungsten alloy armor piercing bullets used in the past was the Teflon-coated bullets. Contrary to popular belief, the Teflon coating did not in itself help the bullet penetrate deeper, instead it was meant to help reduce the wear on the barrel after firing hardened projectiles. The strange fact is that this misconception even produced laws that lead to the restricted use of these bullets, eventually leading to their extinction.

The famous example of such a blunder was the assassination attempt on US President Ronald Reagan that took place on March 30, 1981. Then, the shooter used a bullet with a normal revolver, which actually deprived the bullet of its ability, contributing to the bullet missing the heart by less than one inch and piercing his left lung instead, which likely spared his life.



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