East African countries of rare earth resources development short and long term interests of the game

Kotak Canadian mining company recently announced that the coastal Kwale district in Kenya found that approximately $ 62.4 billion worth of rare earth ore reserves. If this result is correct, Kenya will become the world's rare earth reserves, one of the five countries, and is expected to join with neighboring Tanzania, a rare earth exporter ranks.

Kenya and Tanzania, the newly discovered rare earth resources lead to world attention. For two people, how can the victims rather than the beneficiaries of a resource is their top concern, while the two biggest problems facing the government is how sustainable development and use of this resource, allowed better for the country's economic development and people's living standards improve services.

Throughout the world, China is relatively rich rare earth resources in the world. Currently, 23% of China's rare earth resources to bear more than 90% of the world market supply, to become the world's largest rare earth production, application and exporter. Analysts pointed out that China-Africa cooperation in the context of increasingly close, China has since the 1950s in the development of rare earth industry has accumulated rich experience and lessons to learn from the two African countries.

The first is the establishment of technical applications supporting industries, strengthen technology research and application of rare earth local talents. 1960s, because rare earth production, backward technology, low-cost Chinese export to foreign countries only rare earth mine, and then high-priced imports of rare earth products, the grim reality forced the Chinese have in the next few decades to intensify the development of rare earth separation and purification technologies. And this experience is in many African countries currently has the resources staged development process. History tells us that, for newly discovered rare earth minerals in Kenya and Tanzania, the collection of royalties or blindly exports are not the best way to develop this resource. To achieve sustainable development and utilization of rare earth minerals, the two departments should pay attention to the surrounding area through investment in supporting the establishment of mineral rare earth production and application of technology companies, such as household appliances, smart phones, computer manufacturers, etc., so that not only can solve the local labor force, but also to reap economic benefits while in training local skilled workers. Correspondingly, the relevant departments should be long-term perspective, institutions of higher learning in the country to strengthen local production and application of rare talents.

The second is to enact clear responsibilities, the details of a comprehensive laws and regulations, strict rare earth mining and production industry, access management, to control the rare earth mining process of environmental pollution. Rare earth mining, processing, separation and other aspects of the vegetation may be severely damaged, resulting in soil erosion, soil, surface water and groundwater contamination, crop production even crops. Some rare earth mine in the smelting, separation process will produce large amounts of toxic and hazardous gases, radioactive waste and other contaminants. Therefore, for these two African countries to develop policies protective mining of rare earth resources, production and environmental protection standards, a clear separation of rare earth smelting enterprise product quality, process equipment, production scale, environmental protection and other aspects of access requirements, rare earth industry to develop environmental risk assessment system is a priority.

Third, you should avoid over-exploitation, the establishment of strategic reserves of rare earth. Any resource has exhausted one day, not to mention the "rare earth" belonged "rare" resource. After half a century of mining super strength, China declining reserves of rare earth resources. Kenya and Tanzania to avoid this over-development of the old, you need to develop rare earth resources, while establishing strategic reserves of rare earth, rare earth resources will be included in a certain proportion of the reserves are not allowed exploitation of resources by the central government on the implementation of the enterprise resource reserves to give subsidies.

Analysts pointed out that mineral development is always relative short-term benefits and long-term interests of the game between: exports are short-term interests, and the interests of a long-term strategic reserve; resource development is a short-term interests, and environmental protection are long-term benefits; investment is short-term benefits and personnel training is the long-term interests. How do the two balanced accommodation, in particular short-term interests to avoid being kidnapped while working to achieve the country's long-term sustainable development, it is including Kenya, Tanzania, including many African countries need to face the important issue.


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