Recently, the World Trade Organization (WTO) ruled that China 's rare earth export quota system violated trade rules , postponed for two years of the United States, Europe, Japan v. China 's rare earth end up losing the case in China , which again raises the industry's quota system for rare earth deposits waste controversy. Accordance with the rules , WTO ruled against the Chinese , the Chinese can continue to appeal , if eventually lost by repealing the rare earth quotas only a matter of time .

The author believes that the abolition of the quota system of rare earth is ripe , even without the WTO ruled that China should consider abolishing the rare earth export quotas.

Rare earth export quota system began in 1998 , the original intention was to environmental protection, regulate the export order. Three years after China joined the WTO, namely, as promised , within the prescribed period to cancel most of the product out ( into ) import quotas , only 22 kinds of commodities as of 2014 remains the purposes of quota license management system. Rare is one of the 22 kinds of commodities, and is the only non-ferrous metal resources. If canceled quota management , that means non-ferrous metal resources will bid farewell to the " quota era ."

In recent years, China 's largest rare earth exports face embarrassment , one is used up the quota , on the other hand is rampant smuggling , which makes the role of rare earth quota system is limited, even in name only.

The starting point is to limit the number of quota exports , regulate the export order. However, the amount of China's rare earth quotas in 2011 only 61.6% , in 2012 is further reduced to less than 50 % in October 2013, completed only 57.8% of the quota , export quotas simply not be completed , not to mention limiting the number of exported natural . An enterprise hard fight to 100,000 tons of export quotas , only to buy 50,000 tons , the quota what sense?

Customs export data from the above statistics , it is not necessarily true export data . Why rare earth export customs statistics data shrinking global economic downturn led to weak demand factors ? Is the United States, Canada and other countries to increase the exploitation of domestic rare earth supply it? No, the root cause of this problem is the smuggling of rare earths , or the name of the name of the primary export processed while disguised smuggling, Customs continue to find these major cases of smuggling of rare earth . The reason lies in the confusion of smuggling of rare earth production areas , private owners without permission wasteful mining , large ineffective integration of rare earth group , which points to China 's rare earth industry ills .

The effect of limited quota management , a number of shortcomings , the most obvious drawback is the breeding ground for corruption. Quotas are trade controls , there have gray transaction control and rent-seeking space , many companies do not export quota of rare earth , as long as the market " buy ," while sitting on the sale of rare earth quotas business indicators alone can get expensive income , this scene and coke quota year , the textile quotas chaos to repeat itself.

Another disadvantage is the " giving others a handle ." Since 1947 GATT (GATT, WTO 's predecessor ), the Member States and parties in order to reduce and eliminate quotas , the implementation of free trade efforts. Starting point of China's rare earth quotas is to protect the environment and resources, but this view is not accepted by a WTO panel , in this case , China needs to accept the " rules of the game " , if the continued implementation of quota management , which the WTO contrary to commitments .

Rare is the strategic materials , is the "industrial blood " , involving the national interest , the need to manage the whole industry chain , not just stare quota management , not suffering from addiction quota . Currently the country is vigorously promoting the integration of rare earths by Steel, Minmetals , Chinalco , Guangdong earth, Ganzhou Rare Earth , Xiamen Tungsten as an integrated subject, by association, merger , reorganization , etc., to improve industrial concentration. Overall, the rare earth industry consolidation has some success , several major Rare Earth Group prototype surfaced , but needs further grooming industry chain , to complete substantive consolidation. Cancel quota management , integration of rare earth industry is also a Forced .

China 's rare earth industry bigger and bigger and stronger , but the first step in the integration of resources , the greater challenge is to convert industrial model from export resources , export of primary processed into export processing products, accelerate application development and industrial upgrading, do potentially high value-added industries will remain in the country , this is the fundamental way to China 's rare earth industry .


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1 dollar of rare earth materials , we roughing up to sell 10 yuan , 20 yuan , to the U.S. and Europe made ​​product, we will spend 1,000 yuan to buy back

China supplies more than 90 percent of the world's rare earth resources , but because there is no obtain rare earth pricing , selling resources into "cabbage price ."

This imbalance , so that our country faced up to the regulation of rare earth industry . Implementation of rare earth quota system is based on the protection of the environment and resource considerations , a control implemented in the export sector .

Antaike rare earth market research analyst Chen Huan analysis, said the elimination of export management measures will not have much impact on China's rare earth industry itself , the real impact will be China's rare earth deep processing and application aspects .

Assistant President of China Minmetals Mr Wang 's remarks earlier interview , revealed the rare earth industry in the short-board processing areas: one dollar of rare earth materials , we roughing up to sell 10 yuan , 20 yuan , to the European and American made ​​products , we have spent 1,000 yuan to buy it back.

April 2 , Inner Mongolia , a rare corporate executives told reporters , " Our way is not that rare earth industry consolidation, but how deep into the rough machining . "

At present , China's rare earth raw materials and processing industry remained roughly three bases and two north-south pattern of production systems , with the implementation of national policy , there is a further focus on the trend . However, according to the Ministry of Industrial Research Institute CCID director袁开洪materials research , the three main bases for the production base , its main products are mostly raw and rough in the primary stage of product development and other downstream applications that slow development .

In NdFeB , for example, it is divided into two kinds of NdFeB sintered NdFeB and bonded . Wherein the bonded magnets are neodymium NdFeB alloy powder , epoxy resin , plastic and other additives, such mixed binder , using a molding method such as compression molding , calender molding, injection molding and is prepared made of composite permanent magnet.

Galaxy magnet there had projects , namely through the use of bonded NdFeB magnets, praseodymium , neodymium alloy available annually about 1,200 tons , can greatly reduce the cost of electricity . However, due to the volatility of rare earth price " roller coaster " type , have a significant impact on the bonded NdFeB industry , this project also because the user can not accept early mortality .

"In the rare earth prices skyrocketing , even as selling products directly sell resources. " aforementioned corporate executives say , by the influence of rare earth spike , rare earth downstream processing sectors hard hit .

In the interview with this reporter in the eyes of many industry people , China 's rare earth deep processing level varies greatly, NdFeB industry is in a leading position in many respects , but in rare profits , driven by continued expansion of raw commodities sectors , relative but a sharp decline in downstream applications . " Not only is the fight of faith , as well as reputation, up to now no fully recovered . "

Another rare earth deep processing of distress " bothering " is caused by a duplication of serious excess capacity .

袁开洪said that although China's rare earth permanent magnet production ranked first in the world , but the market share of high-performance permanent magnet materials is less than 10 %. Many provinces , even without the resources and core technology , the new project is still a lot of construction NdFeB , resulting in a more serious homogenization phenomenon vicious competition .

"We hey some companies are a division of labor , and now every place in the enclosure, do engage in NdFeB Rare Earth Zone , a dozen things turn out two million tons, which is the largest repeated construction waste . " People who had the rare earth enterprises , told this reporter.

In fact , there is not just part of the rare earth separation overcapacity , luminescent materials , there are also a lot of excess capacity. Among them, the 2011 rare earth luminescent materials production capacity of 6,000 tons, but after only a year on more than 20,000 tons of production capacity , a lot of new capacity projects are launched from 4,000 tons.

Reporter access to "1 +5" program in six business groups , are all involved in the deep processing field . In Xiamen Tungsten , for example, since 2006 the company entered the rare earth industry , focusing on the development of rare earth deep processing industry , now has 5,000 tons of hydrogen storage alloy powder project , 1,000 tons phosphor projects.

In addition, has made it clear to fade upstream control over the future development strategy of Rare-Earth also focus on developing applications of rare earth materials , rare earth materials to expand the field of high-end applications , application of technology to enhance the level of rare earth , rare earth products to increase the added value . Baogang Group even promised to support the focus on the development of rare earth smelting Baotou Steel Rare Earth , separation, materials and applications, Baotou Steel Rare-Earth Group for the rare earth smelting , separation and integration party applications business.

The real problem is that the current domestic rare earth processing enterprises concentrated in NdFeB , luminescent materials and NiMH batteries three industries , high-tech industries rarely dabbled in other applications . Rare earth deep processing industry homogeneity, has seriously hampered the development of rare-earth applications.

" China 's rare earth industry chain is very short , the real high value-added chain is the end product , but all these years we still sell primary products of rare earth , which in turn also to thousands of times the price to buy deep- processed products from abroad . " preceding business people said.

He believes the key to the rare earth deep-processing industry is to look at the application side , the current application link is not up for three main reasons : First, alternative materials for the market to seize the high-end market is difficult technical issues , then there are sluggish exports , domestic consumption has always been short board ; also lanthanum magnesium nickel- hydrogen storage battery domestic industrial enterprises there are problems .


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Recently, the " Sixth International Rare Earth Summit" held in Nanning, Guangxi , 150 people from Australia, Brazil, Germany , Japan and China rare earth enterprises businessmen attended the meeting.

Meeting to discuss the opportunities and challenges currently facing the global rare earths market , the industry supply chain integration trends, the 2014 outlook could again boost the rare earth market , the future of the world's supply of rare earth diversified pattern is to promote the healthy development of rare-earth issues such as market stability . From Brazil , Australia and China have a speech on behalf of well-known enterprises .

Were invited to introduce the situation of the integration and development of rare earth industry in Guangxi Guangxi rare earth resources and industrial development advantages , etc. at the conference .


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First, quality driven. Depth areas, conduct workshops Xingyuan quality , quality-level , quality- product activities, and actively organize special equipment safety training of personnel and corporate staff of 16 times the quality of management training for businesses to send and regulations , brought technology to send service . Second, brand driven . Encourage some companies first establish a brand , bring the whole earth industry bigger and stronger , guide enterprises to take "quality to the brand to win the competition ," the road to become foster Jinlong Rare quality management advanced enterprises in Fujian Province , drums pushing their participation City Government Quality Award . The third is linked to aid . The implementation of " one ", " face to face" , "The Real Deal " helping to help enterprises solve the survival and development of quality , technical difficulty , help enterprises out of the woods . While the implementation of metering service into the park, to reduce the pressure from the economic enterprise . Fourth, security Build . In spot checks , comprehensive inspections , up and down interaction, departmental interaction and other forms of security risks for enterprises excluded 63 , improving production conditions producing areas . Staff posts for special equipment certificates were strictly Mopai , reaching 100% certified , so accidents are nipped in the bud. Fifth, technical services. For the rare earth industry deficiencies technology, hardware equipment , personnel and other aspects of the council on the one hand to provide help standards , while actively promoting rare quality inspection center preparatory work to build the county's rare earth industry has become the highlight industries.


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Rare earth prices tend to change the overall stability, no longer had the same volatility as in the entire first quarter, the volatility is not rare , but the interior of the structural characteristics of the rare earth is very prominent , in which the light rare earth prices, especially lanthanum oxide and cerium prices continue to fall , heavy rare earth , rare earth magnetic high operating rates , praseodymium , neodymium demand better prices ; but weak demand phosphor europium oxide , yttrium and other prices.

Currently, there are major changes in the rare earth industry : first , the contribution of overseas output of rare earth enterprises gradually . For example , Linus Australia Limited (Lynas) increased production . In the first half of 2013 , LYNAS said the first phase of 11,000 tons of smelting capacity through, and sales in the second quarter . In the third quarter , the company produced a total of 253 tons (REO meter, an increase of 76% over the second quarter ) smelting separation products , sold 218 tons ( an increase of 86% over the second quarter ) , the average selling price of 22.7 U.S. dollars / kg , in the fourth quarter , The company has produced 741 tons of rare earth oxides , an increase of 2 times the average selling price dropped to 21.48 U.S. dollars / kg. Currently, the second phase of 11,000 tons of rare earth oxide expansion project has been completed and received permission to operate , but the launch will depend on the capacity of the downstream demand and the price may be. American Molybdenum Company (Moly Corp): Moly Corp MtPass mine in 2013 , with total production of rare earth ore REO3926 tons, an increase of 47 % compared to 2012 . RE supply Moly Corp has gradually improved. In addition, the support of Japan , Vietnam, India , Mongolia, Myanmar and other countries are also vigorously develop the country's rare earth resources . The Greenland also liberalized restrictions on rare earth mine development , there are a number of companies have exploration projects in Greenland , will become a potential growth of rare earth supply.


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Rare continuing weakness in running the festival hopes after the current market demand has risen, cheap shipping will be reduced. The current market price of dysprosium slight upward trend , but less downstream disk access , the actual turnover mainly steady .

Praseodymium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 570,000-580,000 yuan / ton. Neodymium oxide 310,000-320,000 yuan / ton.

Dysprosium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax 160-170 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron mainstream manufacturers tax price 165-175 yuan / ton.

Lanthanum oxide manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton. Cerium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 21,000-22,000 yuan / ton.

Neodymium oxide, praseodymium mainstream manufacturers tax price 310,000-320,000 yuan / ton , praseodymium , neodymium metal mainstream manufacturers tax price 405,000-41,500 yuan / ton.

Fluorescent europium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,000-4,200 yuan / kg. Terbium oxide phosphor grade mainstream manufacturers tax price 3,000-3,200 yuan / kg.


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Rational person is not necessarily the winner. This paradox appears again in international trade disputes. WTO trade dispute before it made ​​a rare earth is not conducive to China 's ruling, the strong Chinese public reaction from the official to the people thought that China was being unfairly treated.

Although the WTO decision is called " established rules " , but this does not say that the decision is reasonable.

RE both resources, but also commodities , and the main purpose is rare in high-tech industries , high-tech goods also . To the United States and Europe as the representative of the Western countries have long restricted high-tech exports to China , has not been considered a violation of WTO rules .

Even more puzzling is that some of the world's most closely with the export control system of the western countries , can justifiably " name names " for China to restrict exports of precision machine tools, electronics parts and other high-tech products , while China out reversing the disorderly exploitation of rare catastrophic damage to the environment , and the introduction of no control measures against any country in violation of the rules was convicted .

Western countries are reasons for high-tech products that could be used for military purposes , but it is the rare earths are used extensively for high-end military equipment.

Anyway still does not make sense . The only explanation is the " rule of discrimination " and " double standards ."

WTO as a norm of international trade organizations , should uphold the principles of justice . Although the recent ruling was made ​​by the rules , but the rules have limitations , but also need to reform the times , especially after China's accession to the WTO so that developing countries , many of the rules established by the developed countries in itself is not fair.

To say the least , rare earths are not really "rare ", but also non-Chinese exclusive . The mid- 1960s to the late 1980s , proved reserves after China and the CIS countries the United States once dominated the world's rare earth supply .

Later , considering the huge resource and environmental costs , the United States gradually closed its mines in favor of imports from China . Some other Western countries to follow suit.

In fact , China 's rare earth reserves account for only 23% of the world, but the long-term global demand for rare earths supply more than 90% . Rather than Chinese monopoly on rare earth supply , as it was " silly very naive" be someone pushed the "hegemony " status.

Consideration for China to pay is enormous - old green Bitian become vast sandy mountains , barren farmland , water pollution , waste slag piles up the mountain .

For those who have become accustomed to cheap Chinese rare earth enjoy Western countries, they can not see them , because only in this way , the above picture will not appear in their own country .

Since the Chinese rare earth mining consolidation , since smelting industry , environmental governance has achieved success , but still away from the ideal state far worse , still needs time and space to completely reverse the trend of environmental degradation .

WTO experts should go to China and see , compare China due to environmental disaster caused by rare earth mining rare earth minerals and the United States above the picturesque landscape vegetation , giving China an unfair ruling.


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WTO announced the United States, European Union, Japan against China rare earth, tungsten, molybdenum export management measures related to the case of the panel report , ruled that the export control measures Chinese products involved violations. This means that China 's export quota management system over the years , or will be forced to cancel.

In accordance with World Trade Organization (WTO) regulations , as well as 60 days to appeal the case of time , the Appellate Body to make a decision within three months. Thus , China has had time to respond to follow-up .

The case is not good news for China , some people worried that after the rare earth export quotas , Chinese rare earth companies will compete to reproduce cachexia , rare earth prices become " loess price ." This is the United States and Europe and other markets want to see the picture.

In fact , as long as the rare earth prices in line with market rules, China is not specifically on the rare earth export quota system realization . But misreading of the international community , United States and Europe market trading habits of rare earth elements outside of reading too much . They monopoly grounds of China 's rare earth resources , especially from heavy rare earth resources indispensable technology in the aerospace industry in the way , the Chinese rare earth export quota system restricting his country considered China a strategic tool .

These , aired in the United States political drama " house of cards " in the second quarter , most vividly , Chinese businessmen and trade rare U.S. capital oligarchy to become the White House , " one , two" infighting in the main line. In addition, Japan's rare earth export quota system , but also anxiety , and even massive undersea discovery of rare earth mine, China carried out falsehoods media war .

China to protect its rare earth resources, even as a means of safeguarding the interests of , there is no reason . In the United States , its rich oil and gas resources are not long-term development, and more than willing to wage war in order to maintain strategic dominance in the Middle East , in the United States to maintain sufficient to explain their position as a global power in the political, economic , diplomatic and resources other aspects of the budget-conscious . China to protect its rare earth resources, and is under the framework of the WTO safeguard national interests through normal trade means , of course, no problem.

Realism in international relations , whether political or diplomatic and trade relations and interests of the game in prime position. In the interest of maximizing competition, if the political and diplomatic depend on the overall strength of the competition ; trade war will depend on the skill game WTO rules , as a new member of the WTO, the face of United States and Europe and other trade veteran , China is clearly not as good as they navigate .

As a trading nation, China and the United States and Europe frequently these years other countries in the WTO blows , accumulated experience in the trade war . For China, the victory has become standard issue . Hardships for the worst , Chinese growth in goods trade war in the first trading nation ; services in order to become the first trading power , the future of trade against the respondent still a long way .

Discuss the case against China Rare Earth , only to be relieved and have faith. First, China 's rare earth export quotas have played a role in the market and outside bar drinking . Externally, a burst of panic and prosecute international market proved reserves of rare earth big country as China trade power in the global trade. Internally, prompting those rare extensive low-end business transformation and upgrading , making the country along the path of development and orderly regulation . Secondly , fit the national strategy Chinese ecological civilization , the deterioration in the rare earth industry to compete under the chaos like , not only export prices infighting so that foreign profits , and indiscriminate digging , but also cause high energy consumption, high pollution and overcapacity , which is China moment typically need governance "industrial disease ." Chinese rare earth export quotas for foreign trade environment seems essentially internal spawned industry consolidation , and to some extent, protect the rare earth resources, conservation of the natural environment.

Even if the West does not appeal , China's rare earth export quota system also completed a mission. According to statistics, in 2013 China's rare earth export quota is 24,000 tons , 23,000 tons less than the actual exports , exports only amount to $ 603 million . The biggest problem of China's rare earth industry is a multi- stock , supply and demand imbalance in the market , prices fell bigger. If the increase in exports with the United States and Europe may be able to digest part of the day the stock market , so that the bad living conditions can be a little bit angry rare earth industry . Other than the need to save the domestic market surplus , perhaps China wins against alternative harvest the fruit .

China appeals may not be the best choice. It is important for China to keep China's important rare earth resources, through industry consolidation , technology updates and tax initiatives to make extensive , disorder , intensive production of rare earth industry waste , improve resource utilization and market competitiveness. Under the premise of ensuring national strategic needs , the formation of a unified foreign pricing, to achieve the highest export profits. Be noted that greater efforts to combat the smuggling of rare earth , rare earth blocking the inflow of illegal cheap foreign markets loopholes more urgent.


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U.S., EU, Japan sued China rare earth, tungsten, molybdenum export restrictions , China has put forward " protecting the environment " is a very Western way of saying to the defense , and the final stand of the U.S. side of the WTO . WTO ( World Trade Organization ) ruled against China . British " Financial Times" said, " This is a major victory for the U.S. , EU and Japan made ​​", while Japanese media is unashamedly commented , "China 's strategy failed completely ." Indeed , China's rare earth export restrictions has once again been cut violations, gave a great deal of good in Europe and America and other countries, this is the entry point , China's exports of strategic resource management system may face shocks.

In accordance with the usual Western view, the development of high-tech is a rare indispensable strategic resource , from smart phones to missile guidance are inseparable "industrial vitamins ." But over the years, China has to account for only 23 percent of the world's total reserves reserve supply 95% of the world 's rare earth production , not only low prices was like " selling gold potatoes price" , there is a huge environmental cost to pay . When China began to realize that the problem is serious restrictions of rare earth exports , the United States and Japan has shown impatience , one after another to say "no ."

Why WTO restrictions on U.S. and European strategic resource policy blind - Europe and the United States understands the road win . In general, WTO members must comply with the freedom of trade , the treatment of undifferentiated rules. But in terms of Section 21 of the WTO GATT has proposed : Allow members for reasons of national security, as a trade exception handling ( referred to security exceptions ) . It is based on the security exception to the rule , in 1996 , in the United States -led Western countries to develop a " Wassenaar Agreement ", " Wassenaar Agreement " communications mechanism aims to improve conventional weapons and sensitive dual-use transparency items and technology transfer to assist member States regulate the export control laws and regulations, to prevent the proliferation of sensitive items and technologies related . Member States, including the world's major arms-producing and exporting countries , including the United States, Britain , Japan, France, Germany , Russia and other 34 countries.

Ukrainian military in close cooperation , in addition to the transfer of large projects outside the " Varyag" No. This is a landmark in ships, tanks, aircraft power system, especially the engine , the performance of the most prominent. Currently many gas turbine DN/DA-80 Chinese surface ships , including the "Varyag " was included, as well as " Chinese Aegis " destroyers used by the Chinese for the development of Pakistan , " Khalid " Main battle tanks used for diesel engine 6TD-2E, the new generation advanced trainer aircraft used by the Falcons -15 engine AI-222, as well as suitable plateaus helicopter engines are from Ukraine. But Ukraine is also a member of Wagner agreement . Americans may be needed to prevent some of the weapons and ordnance Ukrainian exports to China .

Since China has been excluded under the guidance of the "Wassenaar Agreement " important to master the world of military technology and products developed countries have been severely restricted Chinese imports, " Control List " of scarce resources , advanced technology and equipment. For example, some foreign high-end five-axis machine tools critical software on limiting exports to China , and even the installation site using department also has limitations .

Practice tells us that China should learn from the experience of developed countries , the use of good safety exception WTO rules , the early establishment of strategic resource management and control systems in line with the core interests of our country in order to prevent a similar situation from happening again passive .


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March 26 , WTO ruled that China officially restrictions on exports of rare earths violations, which means rare earths, tungsten, molybdenum exports to protect against the case in the WTO . Although there is little room for the final ruling of the appeal , but in the past almost no final determination to regain the preliminary results of an example . Basically you can say that , due to the flaws in China 's rare earth policy , China to protect its scarce natural resources management efforts through quotas , eventually suffered a crushing defeat in the last .

Our foreign bargaining , they can promote the " China with 23 percent of the global supply of rare earth reserves more than 90% of long-term market demand , China 's contribution is enormous. "But it should realistically acknowledge that China is about 100 million 20 million tons of rare earth reserves , the world's total annual supply of 120,000 tons of market demand just enough to supply around 1000 .

People worry that, by comparison with a very rare public attention , digging endless digging a thousand years , 20,30 years could never dig tungsten ore , molybdenum ore , but almost no one cares .
Rare has been reduced to general resources

Today, many people still remain in China 's rare earth reserves account for 90 % of the world 's old data era ( hereinafter referred all rare earth reserves , according to mine standards to contain reserves of rare earth oxides REO calculations, not ore quality ) . The data itself is not wrong, 30 years ago, China Baotou Bayan Obo found in thousands of tons of rare earth, then in addition to China , other foreign reserves have been found in very small , so China was the world's rare earth reserves account for 90 rare earth reserves have been found %. But , after all, 30 years ago laohuangli , but also to be noted that said here are the light rare earth , according to the prevailing scientific level , few realize that the light rare earth actually distributed widely.

Over time , the world's light rare earth reserves discovered , had less than 20 million tons from thirty years ago , to more than 600 million tons now . China 's reserves have increased several times, but new discoveries outside of China 's rare earth reserves , an increase of a full hundred times or more, the dilution of our accounting . The result is to produce a lot of spreading false things , and " China 's rare earth reserves less and less ", " China 's rare earth resources have dug up two-thirds sold abroad went " category. Actual completely misunderstood .

So China's own reserves to increase the number ? I integrated " world's rare earth economy" , "rare earth information", " Jiangxi Rare Earth communications ," the statistics, since 1985 , China has proven rare earth reserves from less than 15 million tons of light rare earths and heavy rare earth several ten thousand tons , an increase of to the now more than 9100 tons and 2800 tons of light rare earth heavy rare earth , but also a substantial increase in . ( 1997 to 43 million tons in 2001 to 71.3 million tons in 2007 to 91 million tons . ) Has increased over the past few years a new proven reserves of light rare earth more than 2000 tons of heavy rare earth proved reserves of 800 million tons . More than the total Chinese exports of rare earths for decades all add up to a total of more than 25 times .

Perhaps because of confidentiality issues and layers of approval , data released by the department at different levels tend to have a lot of lag. For example , until today in many public data , Fujian Longyan City of heavy rare earths are still 45,900 tons of proven reserves REO, but in fact the end of 2012 , Longyan City Land Resources Bureau revealed that , according to their commission , Fujian Academy of geological formations survey conducted by rare earth reserves , which have a very substantial increase in the rare earth reserves to 1,783,966 tons REO. ( Only this one , the equivalent of all the country's more than 200 times the amount of heavy rare earth mining index year .)

And there is a great possibility of increasing reserves . According to the " Yangcheng Evening News " reported in Guangdong Province in 2012 geological work meeting concluded , Guangdong Geological Survey by the census that year , drawn prospective reserves of heavy rare earths in Guangdong Province , is 931 times the proven reserves !

Chinese light rare earth reserves , now equivalent to the consumption of the world's end in 1000 . Heavy rare earth reserves , but also the equivalent of nearly 1000 terminal is now the world's consumption . Domestic mining enterprises have extreme excess of the maximum mining capacity calculations, even at full capacity in two to three hundred years also dug endless .

In contrast, the Chinese treasure wolframite nearing dry. Even if it is difficult to mix black and white smelting low grade tungsten ore , scheelite , also remaining 1.8 million tons , after a hundred years of mining , the total reserves of Chinese tungsten ore from 5.8 million tons at the most , and continued to decline to now 1.8 million tons , is expected in 20 years will also dig a break. Although there are still 3.4 million tons of molybdenum ore , but also declining , the newly discovered mineral reserves far behind the rate of consumption is expected to deplete in 30 years .
Tungsten, molybdenum not widely use in the industry , the consumption is great, and in the military is also very important. Such treasure strategic resources, not only very few people care , the state also lacks substantive efforts. Rare , especially light rare earths , today , the annual consumption / proved reserves ratio is 1000 , apparently belonging to general resources , not scarce resources. Hard to say which is the scarce resources need to be diminishing quotas to enhance the protection , then losing in the WTO , and not surprisingly it.

Participating countries under the WTO framework is general products that do not restrict exports , only the implementation of conservation policy for scarce resources . Participate in the general product category litigation certainly be lost , and in the course of the appeal , there is little room for maneuver.

But the U.S. and Europe has been successfully bundled them together , the use of rare earths on the flaws , the China Tungsten quota management, molybdenum scarce natural resources of these national efforts , once defeated . To make matters worse , the future of tungsten, molybdenum their true these scarce natural resources on how to protect , do not see someone to pay attention , this is a place worthy of concern .

The key people who did not realized quite a lot. I found that although there are quite a number of commentators understand the WTO in the field of international law , but does not understand mineral resources , still do not know in the end what were relatively rare and . Rare still think that strategic resources are scarce , and tungsten, molybdenum products are only general resources for rare earths was tied sigh , but do not actually know the real victims of tungsten , molybdenum is no concern.

Rare "fake pain" when the

" Japan's lack of resources to buy China 's big XX resources to keep up their buried the sea to prepare for decades of use in the future. "From " Coal "to" rare earth " , this classic XX years, was filled with all sorts of nouns. But if asked specific burial place , operating time, the number of burial , sources of funding , it is a prevarication . The information we have today is not the lack of the times, more than a few will be able to find flaws questioning . " Rare pain " myth, in fact, some experts , the use of readers ( including most government officials ) lack of professional information and advocacy weaknesses together .

Let's dissect under the "rare earth pain" comes from. First, pretend Chinese and foreign are not added proved reserves of rare earth ; then , 90 percent of rare earths by China to account for only 23 percent of the world's proportional change , not to mention the specific reserves data , mistaken for a Chinese rare earth dug over and foreign deposit with no digging , so the proportion of China declined ; next, is preaching , as China's rapid economic development , a variety of new materials, new energy research and development, much of the existing remaining reserves of rare earth , it will be difficult meet the needs of China 's own development. Coming soon become a net importer , we spend only a few times , hundreds of times the money is more likely to be clamped in the strategic western countries ; Finally , naturally concluded that such a treasured resource , is now a large number of cheap exports , depleted, so the threat to the future development of China's own , then of course you want to play the " rare battle " was.

Unfortunately, at the beginning of the wrong, all wrong on the way , the result is of course ridiculously wrong . Since it does not exist , " China 's rare earth reserves decreasing ", " only a small amount of rare earths , not their future use , still cheap cheap" , these conjectures would seem shocking.

So how can the "rare earth pain" ? Can only be called "fake pain" !

Alas, only repeated fabricate "false pain" , will be able to earn billions of billions of real money , and what the hell sustained and healthy development of rare earth industry chain yet. In the face of short-term profits , rare earth "fake pain" when will it!

" Rare Battle" is entirely poles apart

As we all know , the annual consumption / ratio of proven reserves of more than 100 years , generally fall out of the scope of scarce resources , more than 500 years , can be seen as basically almost infinite number of excess resources . Rare , especially light rare earths , the world discovered a few decades ago is not more than the amount of the era , was then regarded as a strategic resource , this is normal.

Exploration results available to more and more today , light rare earth reserves outside of China are enough to supply the world in 5000 , with China , can supply 6000 years. From the facts, just a light rare earth resources in general , rather than scarce resources. Neither the value of specialized security , and no strategic significance of bargaining , but giving others a handle . From the beginning of the establishment of rare earth quotas should not be protected when the light rare earths into the scope of protection.

Is this not scarce in the world can say abundant, while consumption is still meager light rare earth , do not have protection, meaning there is no protection . But in a " Battle of rare earths ," the cheer in victory, got 90 percent of the country 's rare earth investment protection , and the heavy rare earth only got cold leftovers .

Baotou Bayan Obo , for example, was isolated as the associated mine tailings pile into the light rare earths , these reserves are in fact still exist there , piling up for decades . Rare are not snow , melts in the open valley . To state has invested heavily in building the main energy -consuming warehouses , high prices to go into the light rare earth purposely bought a warehouse . Even very light rare earth strategic significance , it is enough black humor . Moreover, the lack of light rare earth reserves actually important strategic value .
The heavy rare earth it? Although its reserves are also more powerful, enough to supply the world in 1000 , but at least for now found a place outside of China is still relatively small , mining costs are much higher than China , China is currently also owns 90% of the proportion of reserves , but also it has a relatively large enough market right words , you can continue to be seen as a strategic resource , but also has strategic value bargaining .

The strange thing is that in the so-called "rare earth Battle ", the light rare earth reserve, but not heavy rare Shouchu .

Chinese rare earth mines

Object heavy rare earth enterprises also became a pit - heavy rare than light rare earths contained more than terbium , dysprosium and other elements , not only does purchasing and storage , has also taken to restrict exports , measures to limit the exploitation of the error . Not to hand over the market share of the international market and strategic control, and loss of market heavy rare earth smelting and separation of the south capacity forced to shut down or reduced majority , but as a byproduct of praseodymium, neodymium production accordingly dropped significantly, to the main producing praseodymium, neodymium Northern light rare earth companies leaving considerable market space, so no need to protect the light rare earth business and earn a money .

Beijing high-level do not necessarily know how much reserves of rare earth in the end , the locals Kaoshanchishan by water draft , how could I do not know the local reserves of rare earth dug one hundred fifty years have dug finish. Mined legally limit the results only for the private mining robbing , smuggling black market open the door .

For example, Ganzhou , Jiangxi pointed out , not without grievances , Ganzhou even stop all exploration work , has proven reserves of rare earth resources in the less heavy enough mined four or five decades , such as by exploration of prospective reserves are mined near Millennium . Hard to say the heavy rare earths is extremely scarce resources must be compressed scale mining , they simply can not explain to the local people have to pass .

Rare Battle purpose is to defend China 's rare earth industry , the actual result is stifled sustained and healthy development of China's rare earth industry . The reason is simple , since there is no case in the future with enough remaining reserves , but the amount is too small Zhichou situation unsold . Then export restrictions , raising the price of rare earth behavior , but let 's expand the amount of rare earth hampered .

There is no doubt that if the amount of the world's rare earth than it is now able to expand tenfold , then China can still be in the case do not worry enough to master the strategic discourse than it is now much larger .

After all , the amount of expanded tenfold , it still only China in 1000 / 6000 in the world , 100 years to become China / Global 600 years , not to mention the place across the country reported in Mineral Exploration , are given a very huge reserves of rare earth prospect estimate the amount of rare earth until reaching expand tenfold year, China's new proven reserves of rare earth there will be tremendous growth.

Guarantee a certain profit and adequate environmental protection investment under the premise of maintaining a relatively low price the upstream , downstream applications of rare earth promote the expansion of China 's rare earth reserves are immense in this country is the long run. And China 's rare earth industry chain throughout the entire industry in order to maximize the benefits and outcomes , rare earth prices will naturally go up .

Deputy Secretary of Jiangxi Rare Earth Society Meng Qingjiang 2010 pointed out that " if the downstream can not afford earth, switch to an alternative product , the use of rare earth backwards, hurt rare earth industry itself. "Unfortunately , this sentence has been fulfilled.

" Rare Battle" raise the price of rare earth , rare earth mining companies are just a few giant Suntory , but high prices for the formation and subsequent development of the industry chain had a serious impact . Weakness in the past two years the industry for two consecutive years spent barely half the exports of rare earths export quotas . The actual failure of rare earth quota policy , naturally brings on the respondent failed WTO . Adverse effect on the development of rare earth industry itself , is likely to continue for many years.

The tungsten, molybdenum these national efforts to protect scarce natural resources management through quotas were "rare earth fake pain" to drag on , there may be also be canceled. Future tungsten, molybdenum these national real how to protect scarce natural resources , no one to pay attention , this is really painful !

Hundred , thousand years later things have no meaning , tungsten, molybdenum resource that occurs after two decades dried up, but it is a problem that each of us will have to face in the future be forced to rely on imports of tungsten , molybdenum and other strategic resources clamped on Western countries , Cheng described as " catastrophic " threat .

I hope more people will be able to truly understand the urgent care crisis facing our country, tungsten , molybdenum, as well as other rare minerals . Instead of "rare earth false pain" waste of emotion .


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