With the development of metallurgical technology , rare earth in steel has been widely used. Rare in the steel can purify the molten steel , changed inclusions, micro- alloyed cast structure improvement , so as to improve the mechanical properties of steel , processing performance, corrosion resistance and so on. With the development of various industries , low carbon micro-alloyed steels have great potential in improving the strength and toughness . Improve the quality of steel to improve its strength and toughness ratio, and lower production costs have become an important research topic in the field of iron and steel materials . Micro- alloy hot-rolled steel in high temperature deformation dynamic recrystallization process can be refined strain softening behavior after the austenite and ferrite microstructure subsequent formation of hot-rolled steel and the final performance of a larger organization affected.

Inner Mongolia University of Technology researchers in the laboratory using thermal simulation techniques to study the effects of rare earth alloy low carbon micro recrystallization behavior , the results show that the rare earth component of the dynamic recrystallization critical strain εD influence is obvious, RE (mass fraction , the same below ) of 100 × 10-6 and 60 × 10-6 rare specimen reached its critical strain were higher than plus rare specimens , and when the deformation temperature reaches 910 ℃, with the increasing amount of non- rare-earth recrystallization happen again , that adding rare earth postponed dynamic recrystallization occurs with increasing amount of rare earth defer more significant role ; dual pass high temperature rolling, effect of RE on static recrystallization softening rate than cold rolling system significantly , compared with the samples without RE , rE join 100 × 10-6 deformation resistance there will be some improvement in the recrystallization prone to pass the time gap , while slightly less rare earth content had no significant effect .


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Rare earth prices are still built at the bottom of the upstream

Affected by weak demand , adjust the upstream rare earth prices will remain at the bottom of the situation . Neodymium oxide, praseodymium latest offer for 332,500 yuan / ton, compared with the beginning of 318,000 yuan / ton, or 5% ; while light rare earth lanthanum oxide , cerium oxide , respectively, compared to the beginning of the price decline of 53% and 55% ; heavy rare earth oxide, dysprosium The latest offer for 1825 yuan / kg , fell 29 percent compared to the beginning . Compared to the light rare earths , the heavy rare earths smaller decline . Finished price and price linkage rare , rare earth prices will affect sales slump and profitability .

Multiple factors driving the price of rare earth warmer

Although the current price of rare earth elements is still at the bottom and build momentum , driving rare earth prices remained: the market expected the government will be the rare earth reserve, hitting action to rectify the rare earth industry , foreign rare earth ore mining costs are high and slow progress is difficult to form an effective supply downstream demand to pick up, especially in the promotion of new energy vehicles will boost demand for rare earth permanent magnet .


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" June 25 to now , the city is no longer found in an illegal mining sites . " Ganzhou Mineral Resources Authority ( hereinafter referred to as " mineral Authority " ) official told reporters . June 25 this year , the Jiangxi Provincial Party Standing Committee held a work meeting , the deployment of Ganzhou Rare special work , and sent checks to Ganzhou Steering Steering Group remediation work .

An internal briefing material , as of October 2010 , Ganzhou occurred illegal mining in points accumulated thousands . This material with " disorder " to describe the situation at that time was illegal exploitation of rare earth .

After remediation RE : sharp drop in tax revenue each year more than 20 million

December 2010 , Ganzhou Rare Earth remediation work established a leading group responsible for the rare earth remediation work to clean up non-standard rare earth mining and production.

May 19, 2011 , the State Council promulgated the " Opinions on Promoting the sustainable and healthy development of rare earth industry " ( the "Opinion " ) . Opinions clear that with one to two years , to establish orderly development of rare earth resources , market order flow separation and smelting , disorderly exploitation of resources , environmental degradation , the blind expansion of production and export situation of rampant smuggling have been effectively curbed ; basic form to large enterprises as the leading rare earth industry pattern.

" After the introduction of views , Ganzhou Rare Earth Mining mines within the scope of the warrants shall be suspend production for rectification , there is no point of the illegal exploitation of the mining warrants all be remediation banned. " A person in charge of Ganzhou Mining Authority , told reporters that he resides mine Authority , in addition to doing office work , virtually the entire family , rustication , rectification rare .

A Ganzhou government leaders revealed that in 2012 9,000 tons of rare earth mining in Ganzhou indicators mined only 3,000 tons, in 2013 so far is only mined 2,000 tons. Since 2011 the State Council " opinions" issued , Ganzhou Rare Earth taxation in the mining areas dropped more than 20 billion a year.

"I would rather not do complete economic indicators , the letter must tighten their belts to complete the rare earth remediation. " The municipal government leaders said

Ganzhou Rare Earth listed to Understand the huge burden of regulation

Ganzhou Rare Earth be closed for renovation at the same time , but also to adjust the industrial structure.

In March, Jiangxi dilute Group was formally established , in addition to 100% stake in Ganzhou Rare Earth Mining body said under Ganzhou Rare Earth Mining Ganzhou Rare Earth , but also include the downstream rare earth industry chain , to form a rare earth mining as a leader, smelting separation, processing , trade , research and development in one large enterprise groups. Future alone Ganzhou Rare Earth Mining Group, a company with a legitimate mining rights , and any other place of extraction is illegal.

The above Ganzhou government leader told reporters , because rare earths are non-renewable resources , is an important element in the development of cutting-edge technology and defense industry , building large rare earth pattern conducive to the rational exploitation and utilization of rare earth resources, which not only requires the development of rare earth industry in Ganzhou , also requires a national strategy .

" Since the rare earth consolidation, Ganzhou while achieving national strategic intent , also paid a heavy price. " preceding Ganzhou municipal government leaders said.

He said the next step in the integration of upstream and downstream rare earth industry also needs huge amounts of money . And after the development of Ganzhou , underdeveloped regions , but also the greater focus on contiguous poor areas, local financial difficulties , limited financing capacity.

In Ganzhou Rare Earth , for example, in accordance with the laws and regulations, Ganzhou Rare required to pay the total cost of mining rights , environmental restoration and land reclamation bond costs totaling 2.3 billion yuan , the rare earth mining EIA facilities related costs of $ 1.5 billion to integrate the city's rare earths separate enterprises need capital 2,000,000,000 yuan . Total funding needs of nearly 60 million.

Data show that in 2012 net profit of Ganzhou Rare Earth only 6,000 yuan. " Our annual revenue generated , can not afford to bear the huge burden. "These Gan dilute Group executives told the" China Economic Weekly . "

" remediation efforts so great , the next development still faces many problems , ecological restoration , industrial development, integration of resources, need so much money, how do you do public financing ? National strategy has been worked out , you do not pay close attention to the development of how to do ? "These Ganzhou City of Jiangxi government leaders worried dilute our future.

" If we say no to seek ways to solve the funding , follow-up work can not go on , the country 's strategic intent is not completed . "These Gan dilute Group executives told reporters .


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Export policy on rare earth alloy industry has been controversial . Although China's rare earth export quota management seem increasingly stringent, but many enterprises will be processed into alloys of rare earth export quota system bypass , making China's rare earth export quota management system greatly reduced.
 
Ministry of Commerce , General Administration of Customs policies for rare earth alloys : From May 20, 2011 , will be the weight of the total REE content of more than 10% of the alloy into the rare earth export quota license management.
 
However, this policy did not quell controversy. The reason is that , although the total REE content by weight more than 10% of the alloy has been incorporated into the quota management , but exports through NdFeB alloys subjects remained unrestricted.
 
In NdFeB sheet , for example, the Ministry of Commerce to the product initially considered rare earth deep processing products , there are certain technical content of NdFeB sheet customs duties and is not included in the quota management , and NdFeB rare earth element content up sheet 30 to 40% .
 
NdFeB alloy exports led to policies favoring class of sustained growth . In the first half of this year, China's export volume of rare earth in the sharp decline of 60% of the cases , mainly in NdFeB rare earth magnetic materials exports in June but increased by 20.2% qoq .

How control tungsten and rare earth mining impact?

This reporter learned that , discontinued two years of Jiangxi Ganzhou rare earth, rare earth mine in the integration project environmental impact report to obtain approval to resume production after the Ministry of Environmental Protection .

Ganzhou Rare Earth Mining consolidation project integrates Ganzhou Long South , given the southern counties of rare earth mine , the total investment 1.366 billion yuan . After the integration of rare earth mine reduced from 48 to 14 , only one-third of the original number of mines , but only one of 12 rare earth ore mining , rare earth ore and temporary ponds Dongjiang River Basin ore is not mined. Using in-situ leach mining process , the scale of production 24,325 tons / year of rare earth ammonium bicarbonate ( equivalent to 92% of the mixed rare earth oxide 6950 t / year ) .

The main controller Ganzhou Rare Earth resources. In the current tungsten prices steady rise , molybdenum market continues to remain weak environment, Ganzhou Rare Earth Mining to resume production of the industry will be a good news , but also will greatly ease the pressure on the stock hydrochloric acid fertilizer companies for fertilizer companies sales byproduct hydrochloric acid to provide a stable market .


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December 2, 2013 Price of rare earth products

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The current market weakness rare run because of weak market demand , some businesses reflect the price slightly lower , the current market is no change, some businesses offer not active .

Dysprosium oxide market, businesses do not offer, reflecting deserted due to demand , not received inquiries , offer not active . Dysprosium oxide is currently quoted market or stable or slightly lower last week quoted at 185 yuan / ton , the current price of around $ 1.8 million. And many small and medium sized suppliers offer already dropped 1.8 million yuan / ton.

Praseodymium , neodymium market , with Shanghai today , according to suppliers understand , praseodymium , neodymium with ticket prices currently at around 405,000 yuan / ton , Jiangsu and Zhejiang area suppliers said today the price of 41 yuan / ton, the current price and the stable or slightly lower than the week . Neodymium oxide, praseodymium market today , according to Ganzhou suppliers now reflect more adequate inventory , shipping actively offer also stable or slightly lower in the case of neodymium oxide, praseodymium currently around 320,000 yuan with votes / ton , compared with no votes low shipping price 26 yuan / ton , there are vendors shipped with no ticket prices reflect the 27 yuan / ton. It is now part of the NdFeB manufacturers today understand , constrained by the lower prices and demand, the price of NdFeB products rough cut of a different magnitude . Has led to large manufacturers reflected as a single transaction , for nearly two weeks has lowered the price twice.

Europium, terbium oxide market, because demand deserted, turnover is not active , steady supplier quotes or slightly lower today, according to some of the suppliers with Ganzhou understand that the current ticket price without slightly lower than last week, 100 yuan / kg , in about 2900 yuan / kg , there are quotations from suppliers with votes in 3800 yuan / kg. Similar to the case of europium oxide market , there is not much change in prices, europium oxide present 4700-4800 yuan / kg.


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Today, due to market demand without the rare earth market boosted market continued weak run . Because there was no positive factors supporting part of the price continued to show a downward trend .

Dysprosium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax 180-190 yuan / ton, dysprosium iron mainstream manufacturers tax price 195-205 yuan / ton.

Lanthanum oxide manufacturers tax price 24,000-25,000 yuan / ton. Cerium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 23,000-25,000 yuan / ton.

Praseodymium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 560,000-580,000 yuan / ton. Neodymium oxide 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton.

Neodymium oxide, praseodymium mainstream manufacturers tax price 315,000-325,000 yuan / ton , praseodymium , neodymium metal mainstream manufacturers tax price 415,000-425,000 yuan / ton.

Fluorescent europium oxide mainstream manufacturers tax price 4,500-4,700 yuan / kg. Terbium oxide phosphor grade tax price of mainstream manufacturers 3,600-3,700 yuan / kg.


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Recently, the national commission in 2013 , Inspection and Quarantine of ore deposits professional standardization conference and meeting industry standards validation , inspection and quarantine for 35 industry-standard and standard samples developed seven projects were audited , Inspection and Quarantine drafting of the development of Baotou, Inner Mongolia " Determination of rare earth ferrosilicon alloy and magnesium ferrosilicon alloy in total rare earth - Inductively Coupled Plasma mass Spectrometry" industry standard passed validation.

Approval Committee of Experts to review the approval materials, listened to work reports the development of the standard of the drafters , the development of novel methods for standard , advanced, reliability, credibility, repeatability of results , allowing the poor standard preparation instructions and standard text structural rigor , word fluency and other content through a rigorous validation, verification through in-depth and detailed analysis , research and discussion , the Committee agreed that the standard validation information is complete , the content is complete , standards-compliant validation requirements ; standard structure, written format meets GB/T1.1 requirements ; standard method to operate, reliable, and able to meet the needs of testing work . By unanimous consent approval, recommended approval of the State Administration of Quality Supervision , publish and implement .


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