Melt Extraction Processing Carbonization Tungsten Carbide Production

The process is made ​​directly by the tungsten carbide, the former Soviet Union in this regard fruitful research. According to the Canadian Pacific International Industrial Co., Kirby said: used to produce tungsten carbide powder purity has reached 99.3% to 99.4%, while the cost of production of tungsten carbide with the traditional way of comparison can be reduced by half, so much attention.

Process and Principle

The process comprises three main technical steps: melt extraction, carbonation and the grinding gas into leaching purified.

(1) Melt Extraction

The tungsten and Na2SiO3, NaCl mixed and melted 1050 ~ 1100 ℃, the following reaction occurs:

2 (Fe, Mn) WO4 +3 Na2SiO3 +16 NaCl = 2 (Na2WO4 · 8NaCl) + Na2 (Fe, Mn) 2Si3O9

The resulting tungsten Na2WO4 · 8NaCl immiscible silicate phase, according to the density stratification, the upper silicate phases, the lower chloride - tungstate phase. The two phases were separated by decantation, the 98% to 99% of WO3 and a small amount of impurity in the titanium manganese tungstate phase.

In scheelite as raw material, Al2O3 and NaF should be added as a flux. But if the scheelite and wolframite 1:3 mix to join, you can add the free flux.

(2) Gas into Carbonized

The chloride - NaCl added tungstate scaling, and then in 1050 ~ 1070 ℃ when the pass into the natural gas, tungsten carbide reaction occurs as follows:

Na2WO4 +4 CH4 = Na2O + WC +3 CO +8 H2

(3) Purification Polishing Leaching

Tungsten periodically removed from the grinding and dispersion of salt furnace, first with 10% HCl and washed with 3% NaOH solution, extract, and then through the filter to remove impurities to get a more pure tungsten carbide powder.

Process Conditions and Indicators

Add the material ratio of: wolframite: NaCl: Na2SiO3 = 33:47:20; at 1050 ~ 1100 ℃ melted and incubated 2h, obtained chloride - tungstate phase substantially composed of: WO325% ~ 30% ; FeO about 0.24%; MnO about 0.3%; silicates containing approximately 0.5% WO3; WO3 recovery of this step to 98% to 99%.

The resulting molten chloride layered - tungstate phase and then in the 1050 ~ 1070 ℃ was passed through the gas, the main component of natural gas methane (CH4) in the utilization rate of approximately 2.2% carbon, 90% of WO3 are recovered into the WC, WC to ground and then acid leaching filtered to further remove impurities, the resulting WC WC carbide to achieve the general requirements.


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Tungsten Concentrate Production of Aluminum Thermal Reduction Method Coarse Quality Tungsten Carbide

Most of the metal tungsten powder is used as a raw material for the production of tungsten carbide, so here describes a tungsten as a raw material, a direct method of producing tungsten carbide as the supplementary toner production methods are suitable.

In recent years, the development of the Russian Research Institute of Chemical Technology concentrates of the "furnace" aluminum thermal reduction method. Reliable naturally at high temperatures to restore directly from tungsten concentrate and make carbonation. Raw concentrates containing 55% ~ 60% WO3.

Aluminum thermal reduction of graphite, copper or steel crucible for, reduction and carburization process is very fast only 3 ~ 5min. The exothermic heat sufficient to melt all of the reaction product, and to a metal carbide-containing phase to obtain a good separation of the slag phase.

"Furnace" obtained by aluminothermic reduction of 55% tungsten metal phase containing 75% Fe 15% to 20%, the excess of the reducing agent from 1% to 4% of aluminum, the remaining metal impurities (Mn, Ni, Cu, etc. ) less than 2%, and a small amount of slag inclusions. CaO · 2Al2O3 slag phase and a mixture of CaO · Al2O3.
The metal phase crushed to 150μm, the obtained powder was acid leached to remove the acid-soluble substances, namely to obtain the final product tungsten carbide (WC).

X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the product contains only one phase WC. The chemical composition of tungsten carbide composite Russian technology standards TY48-19-265-91. WC product quality than traditional craftsmanship, carbonation completely free carbon content is reduced to 0.01% (typically less than 0.04%), the lattice defects are reduced, without W2C, Mo2C and Fe3W3C generation. Molybdenum scheelite lattice into the WC, do not generate separate Mo2C phase. It is very important to manufacture cemented carbide. WC impurity content of products (including Fe) meets the requirements, costs mean diameter of 9μm. Russia's experience has shown that the product can be used for drilling tools and carbide production.

High product quality, process simplicity and low cost of production is the production of tungsten carbide aluminum thermal reduction of the basic features. 


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​Definition and properties of Cemented carbide

Cemented carbide is a powdery metallurgical material; a composite of tungsten carbide (WC) particles and a binder rich in metallic cobalt (Co). Cemented carbides for metal cutting applications consist of more than 80% of hard phase WC. Additional cubic carbonitrides are other important components, especially in gradient sintered grades. The cemented carbide body is formed, either through powder pressing or injection moulding techniques, into a body, which is then sintered to full density.
 
 
​WC grain size is one of the most important parameters for adjusting the hardness/toughness relationship of a grade; the finer grain size means higher hardness at a given binder phase content.
 
The amount and composition of the Co-rich binder controls the grade’s toughness and resistance to plastic deformation. At equal WC grain size, an increased amount of binder will result in a tougher grade, which is more prone to plastic deformation wear. A binder content that is too low may result in a brittle material.
 
Cubic carbonitrides, also referred to as γ-phase, are generally
added to increase hot hardness and to form gradients.
 
Gradients are used to combine improved plastic deformation resistance
with edge toughness. Cubic carbonitrides concentrated in the cutting edge improve the hot hardness where it is needed.Beyond the cutting edge, a binder rich in tungsten carbide structure inhibits cracks and chip hammering fractures.
 
 
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Applications of Cemented carbide

Medium to coarse WC grain size
Medium to coarse WC grain sizes provide the cemented carbides with a superior combination of high hot hardness and toughness. These are used in combination with CVD or PVD coatings in grades for all areas.​
 
Fine or submicron WC grain size
Fine or submicron WC grain sizes are used for sharp cutting edges with a PVD coating to further improve the strength of the sharp edge. They also benefit from a superior resistance to thermal and mechanical cyclic loads. Typical applications are turning super alloys, solid carbide drills, solid carbide end mills, parting off and grooving inserts, milling and grades for finishing.
 
Cemented carbide with gradient
The beneficial dual property of gradients is successfully applied in combination with CVD coatings in many first choice grades for turning, and parting and grooving in steels and stainless steels.
 
 
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Tungsten Carbide Composite Rod

Physical performance: Cemented carbide: HRA90—HRA92 Ma trix: RC30 'owing temperature:910-935 o C Standard Multi-edge particles can be used in the formation of the workpiece surface. For serious wear, with 1/3 of fine particles, need a broad particle size distribution to ncrease density and decrease in clearance of surfacing. Mesh size from 6.35MM-- 325 mesh.

Hardness 90.5 (8%) Shape Polygon in the workpiece surface alloy into distribution. This enables tighter particle inclusions and reduce the gap. Applied to extreme wear and tear. Three sizes: 8-10-16 16 14-20 5mm 8mm Particle shape is gravity cutting most important discovery. Those with sharp points and the sharp edge of particle coating is not good, so that there is a gap between the particles, reduced cutting edge and serious exposure. Gravity cutting alloy particles will have a very powerful cutting or grinding surface. Apply to play grinding, cutting, drilling, sawing, tools. The development of fine grades of coating alloy finds a solution to the problem of hard brittle, no wear-resistant due to softness.

 

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