Electrochromic film materials include various organic and inorganic compounds, of which the most studied is tungsten oxide, the main methods of preparation include vacuum thermal evaporation, electron beam evaporation, sputtering, vapor deposition, electrodeposition and sol - gel method. Electrochromic film a certain temperature heat treatment can improve their adhesion and cycle life, but the high temperature heat treatment tends to affect the magnitude of the response time and color film. General physical preparation methods require high temperature heat treatment, such as electron beam evaporation method needs a heat treatment 500e, 350e thermal evaporation requiredRF sputtering need 200 ~ 300e. These methods are often due to expensive equipment, technical complexity and demanding process conditions and subject to certain restrictions; the chemical preparation of the sol - gel method is a simple equipment, low temperature deposition uniformity and easy preparation method for preparing a large area, but usually 100e need more heat. Alkoxide method as required 250e of heat treatment, ion exchange need 150e, halogenated oxidation need 120e. Bessiàre etc.

80e heat treatment method has been reported, and in a soft deformable polyethylene terephthalate (PET) Preparation of the electrochromic thin film on the substrate so as to cover any irregularities in the surface shape of the object, but the film thus prepared The cycle life of only dozens of times, can not meet the actual needs. Sodium tungstate as raw material, ion exchange acid solution, ethanol, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an additive, by sol - gel prepared by the superior performance of the tungsten oxide electrochromic films. This film just 75e of the heat treatment temperature, the driving voltage of -1 ~ + 1V, fully colored and fade time of only a few seconds, coloring in aqueous solution - fading cycles up to 600 times, the color can be kept after coloring number of days.

The resulting film is colorless and transparent, colored blue after uniform color. At 300 ~ 900nm wavelength, variation in the film of the colored state and the faded state transmittance. When fading state, the transmittance in the visible and near-infrared region are more than 93%, but in the near-ultraviolet region due to the absorption of the matrix glass, so that a decrease in transmittance. When the colored state, in the region of 600nm or more has a good absorption, transmittance of 21% or less, which is displayed with its appearance coincides blue. Transmittance in the colored state of 600nm or less significantly increased, but the colored state and the faded state at 500nm transmittance difference also more than 50%. Test results show that the film color changed significantly, having good light controllability.

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From the beginning of the industrial revolution, human society has made tremendous progress, while paying the environmental pollution and ecological deterioration of the enormous cost, from photochemical smog to acid rain, air pollution is getting worse, NO2 in which plays a very important addition to the impact .NO2 volcanic eruptions and other natural sources of foreign, mainly from the burning city car exhaust fuel. In addition, industrial production process can produce some NO2. It is estimated that, worldwide anthropogenic pollution emission of nitrogen oxides per year is approximately 53Mt. The main harm the atmosphere, water and soil, etc., can cause direct harm to the human respiratory system and eyes. Our indoor air quality standards in the ceiling on the NO2 concentration of about 0.12ppm.

As people gradually improve the quality of life requirements, detection of NO2 gas in recent years has become an important topic, and then study the gas sensor has achieved rapid development, wherein the metal oxide semiconductor material meteoric rise, SnO2, ZnO, WO3, etc. are been extensively studied, but previous studies showed that the outstanding problems of these materials is that the higher operating temperature, selectivity and sensitivity, such as less than ideal, is not conducive to the development trend of integration and low power consumption, so people using the included material doped composite, low-dimensional technology, using different preparation methods, research and even low ambient temperature sensitive materials and other ways to reduce the operating temperature of the sensor.

Porous silicon because of its unique optical properties at room temperature and gas sensing properties of the application in the biomedical field, since the 1990s, are more and more attention. Porous silicon surface area because of its great and has a high surface activity, the external environment can absorb large amounts of gas molecules change their electrical properties or optical properties exhibited gas sensing performance. Application of porous silicon as a gas sensing material, generally use optical excitation, doped with another material or composite approach to achieve the purpose of improving the sensitivity or selectivity. Tungsten oxide as a common n-type metal oxide semiconductor material, also has good electrochromic properties and excellent gas sensing characteristics. In the n-type ordered porous silicon surface layer of tungsten oxide thin films by magnetron sputtering using porous silicon at room temperature and gas sensing performance of tungsten oxide NO2 better sensitivity advantages of gas sensing properties of composite structures. Aperture ordered porous silicon is between mesoporous silicon and macroporous silicon. Sufficiently large pore size and high porosity conducive to the formation of a good film with tungsten oxide composite interface, but also ensures high sensitivity to gases.

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1992 Kresge first reported mesoporous silica materials with regular pore structure of MCM-41 called for the study of the molecular sieve material has opened up a new field. Because of mesoporous materials with large specific surface area , uniform adjustable aperture (2-50nm), rules controllable appearance, high thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance and other properties, so that in the separation, adsorption, catalysis, biological materials, information materials, carbon nanotubes prepared applications in areas such as more and more people's attention.

Preparation and properties of mesoporous silica mesoporous silica material has been widely studied, with different structural features have been very easy to prepare, but its performance is difficult to meet the application requirements of different areas, so a non-silicon-type mesoporous research materials more and more. Because the characteristics of tungsten oxide itself in the field of catalysis applications, electrochromic electrode materials, energy storage and microwave materials, so that the mesoporous tungsten oxide material is expected to play a more effective role in these areas. About Preparation of tungsten oxide mesoporous materials at home and abroad have been a number of related stories. The preparation method can be divided into two categories, one is a long-chain organic compounds as a template, tungsten hexachloride tungsten source, after the ethanol gelation by calcination or solvent extraction to remove the organic template agent to prepare tungsten oxide mesoporous materials, but mesoporous tungsten oxide high-temperature calcination easily collapse, and the use of extraction to remove the organic template, and it is difficult to be repeated extraction divisible, while tungsten oxide difficult fully crystallized, so these methods ultimately difficult to get a better structure of tungsten oxide mesoporous materials; the other is hard template method, which uses mesoporous silica as a template to make mesoporous tungsten oxide after its crystallization temperature HF to remove the template, the template is removed such methods in milder conditions, and the template is removed completely. Most of phosphotungstic acid as tungsten source, thus the introduction of impurities of phosphorus, and the emphasis on the application performance of mesoporous tungsten oxide research, unexplored The preparation conditions for the tungsten silicon acid source mesoporous silica (KIT-6) as a template, the template was prepared to explore with a hard tungsten oxide mesoporous materials and preparation conditions.

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Aggressive jigging

Tungsten’s turbo sink-rate isn’t just about bypassing unproductive water to get to active fish. Its fast fall also triggers bites.

“You can really move tungsten around and create heavy jigging strokes,” Brosdahl said. “A slow, natural fall is nice when you’ve got a cold front or are dealing with really finicky fish, but when fish are aggressive a fast fall triggers them. And, you’ve always got the option to play cat-and-mouse with a crappie by slowly pulling the jig away from them.”

Fast jigging strokes become increasingly critical at night. After crappie lose interest in glow-painted baits, Brosdahl finds vibration becomes the dominant fish attractant in the dark. Compared to lead, a tungsten jig can be pounded and twitched more aggressively to create heavy vibrations and call-in crappie by “talking to their lateral line.”




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