Transition metal photodetectors operating from visible to ultraviolet (UV) have gained a lot scientific interest owing to its great potential to apply in industry. Tungsten is a transition metals, some tungsten oxides such as tungsten diselenide (WSe2) have excellent photo response properties to be used in photo detection.

Direct solar water splitting driven by inexpensive semiconducting materials is an attractive method to produce hydrogen as a zero-greenhouse gas emission fuel. During the past three decades, however, it has been shown that the main challenge consists in identifying materials that are stable under illumination in aqueous solutions, efficiently absorb sunlight, and induce efficient water splitting. Due to their inherent stability against oxidation and low cost, semiconducting oxides are promising materials to be employed in this process. Unfortunately, relatively fast recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, either in the bulk or at the surface, and slow charge transfer kinetics from the semiconductor to the electrolyte solution restrict their performance.

Tungsten–copper (W–Cu) composites are extensively used in aerospace, military equipment, electronics, and chemical engineering because of their merits, like high electrical/thermal conductivity, low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and outstanding strength/thermal properties of W.

Monoclinic ammonium paratungstate, (APT, NH4)10[H2W12O42]·4H2O ) which will be referred to as APT, is widely used as the industrial feedstock for the production of tungsten carbide, WC for the powder metallurgical production of tungsten filaments, for various tungsten heavy alloys and also as starting material for producing ammonium metatungstate (AMT), which is utilized in the catalyst industry.