Tungsten applicatin - other tungsten materials Ⅱ

 

In addition to the above various applications of tungsten and its inorganic, tungsten application development of the organic polymer will open up a wider world for tungsten applications, for example, polymers made from tungsten and the plastic is non-toxic, with the some softness as lead, but higher density than lead and bismuth, which can replace lead in the manufacture of weapons and ammunition, and to reduce damage to the environment.

With the rapid changes in technology, technological advances and new product development, the tungsten will play a more significant role, specifically manifested in the following aspects:

(1)The rapid development of information industry relies on the strong support of high-performance tungsten materials.

(2) The rapid growth and restructuring of steel industry will promote requirements of tungsten for steel rolling and carbide dies for metal products processing tool, as well as the growth demand of special steel.

(3) machinery manufacturing will develop to the precision, numerical control and comprehensive capability directions, which need tungsten products, especially carbide alloy develop to high-grade, small-volume, multi-species directions.

(4) The rapid development of automobile industry, the high-quality, high-grade, high-precision cutting tools, carbide drill needs significant growth, which will also make a substantial increase in car use seismic filament and tungsten contact materials consumption.

(5) Construction and Civil daily necessities in a longer period of time will maintain high-speed growth; the corresponding required of carbide, tungsten alloy and tungsten material will increase simultaneously.

(6) China's great efforts to develop the mining industry, to increase investment in the areas of exploration and mining beneficiation, which means the mining carbide and tungsten products amount will continue to grow.

(7) With the development of the petrochemical industry, tungsten-containing catalyst in petroleum refining and petrochemical industry, especially in the clean gasoline, clean diesel production process development applications will increasingly shows its important role, which means the amount of tungsten will increase.

(8) With the height progress of the electricity energy technology, power transmission needs more tungsten matrix composites and tungsten contacts, nuclear power requires high performance tungsten alloy.

 

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Tungsten applicatin - other tungsten materials Ⅰ

The ammonium metatungstate and heteropoly tungstic acid are mainly used as a catalyst in the petrochemical and organic synthesis. 

Sodium tungstate is used for the production of certain types of paints and pigments, in addition also be used for metal tungsten, tungstic acid and tungstate manufacture and dyes, pigments, inks, and electroplating. Tungstic acid is mordant dyes, in the textile industry, in the chemical industry is used as a catalyst for preparation of high-octane gasoline. Tungsten disulfide in organic synthesis, such as in the preparation of synthetic gasoline was used as a solid lubricant and a catalyst.

Based on the superiority of the tungsten and its compounds, tungsten occupies an important position in the field of national defense. In the military industry, the pressure – resistant and heating – resisting parts which would contact with gunpowder, like the guns, cannons, tanks and other weapons and equipments, are produced by tungsten steel. The aviation jet engine's combustion chamber, fuel nozzles, turbine guide vane, turbine rotor blades are all made of tungsten alloy; The skin materials of rockets, missiles and satellites are tungsten-containing high-temperature resistance alloy; penetrators heads made of high-density tungsten alloy, can improve the performance of the shells; gyroscopes are the heart of aircraft, naval vessels and rocket's navigation and control system, gyro inertial elements made of high-density tungsten alloy, can improve the stability and control precision of the instruments, such as the aircraft's ailerons, rudder and horizontal tail, etc. are required counterweight to balance. In some aircraft, hundreds of kilograms high density tungsten alloy is used for counterweight; tungsten alloy material has a very important significance to the development of modern aerospace, aviation and maritime industry.

 

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Tungsten applicatin - Tungsten-based alloy

 

The tungsten materials use for preparation of tungsten-based alloy, are mainly metal tungsten powders and tungsten materials with certain purity, particle size and the grain shape, including tungsten metal plates, rods, wire rods, and mainly used for manufacturing the tubes, radio components, high temperature furnace heating elements and insulating element, and tungsten crucible. Tungsten-based alloys include tungsten-based contact alloy and high-density alloy. High density alloys is divided into the W-Ni-Fe series, and W-Cu series, which is characterized the high density reached 16.5 ~ 19.0g/cm3, equivalent to more than 2 times that of the steel; high strength, up to 800~1000 MPa; good plasticity, W-Ni-Fe series sintered state elongation rate of 10% to 15%; good oxidation resistance, in air above 500℃ have no obvious oxidation; good machining performance, which could be deal with lathing, milling, and planing processing. W-Ni-Cu can be used as gyro rotors and counterweight elements in aircraft navigation instruments, and the control accuracy is very high. In addition, the W-Ni-Fe, W-Ni-Cu high-density alloy has also been widely used for the manufacture of shielding materials in the medical industry, the vibrating elements of communications industry in the phone and BP machines, in the sports and entertainment industry used as the weight elements of the ball head part in Golf racket, in the electrical industry used as high-voltage contacts and the electrical heating elements. W-Cu (Mo-Cu) materials have good thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, a small linear expansion coefficient, can be widely used as electrical contact materials, microelectronic packaging materials and the heat sink materials. This kind of alloy materials attached great importance to the countries in the world, has become one of the most active areas of research in the materials science community. W-Cu (10% ~ 40% Cu), and the W-Ag alloy combining the good electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of copper and silver, and the wear resistance of tungsten, could be manufactured knife switch, circuit breaker, the contacts of switches in the working parts of spot welding electrodes and so on.

 

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Tungsten applicatin - tungsten electric vacuum lighting materials

 

Tungsten is used as tungsten filament, tungsten band and various forging components form for vacuum tube production, radio electronics, and X-ray technology. Tungsten is the best material to manufacture the glower and spiral wire. High working temperature (2200 to 2500 ° C) can ensure a high luminous efficiency, and the small rate of evaporation can ensure the long life of the filaments. Tungsten can be used for manufacturing the directly heated cathode and the grid electrode in electronic shock tubes, the cathode of the high-voltage rectifier and the indirectly heated cathode heater in a variety of electronic equipments. Tungsten can be used for the manufacture of X-ray tubes and the cathode and anticathode of gas radiation tubes, and the radio device contacts and atomic hydrogen torch electrode. Tungsten and tungsten rod can be used as a high-temperature furnace (3000 ℃) heater. Tungsten heater should work in hydrogen atmosphere, inert atmosphere or vacuum.

 

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Tungsten application- abrasion resistance and thermal strength alloy

 

The most infusible metal tungsten is often used as a component of many thermal strength alloy, for example, alloy make up with 3% to 15% tungsten, 25% to 35% chromium, 45% to 65% cobalt and 0.5% to 2.75% carbon mainly used for the manufacture of strong and wear-resistant parts, such as aviation engine valve, the working parts of the die eagerly knife, turbine impeller, mining equipment, ploughshares surface coating, as well as some other wear resistant parts. The alloy produced by tungsten and other refractory metals (tantalum, niobium, molybdenum, rhenium) is often used as heat resisting material.

 

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