Waste Tungsten Trioxide Denitration Catalyst Included China Hazardous Waste Management

regenerated denitration catalystDuring the period of 2013 to 2015, the main dynamic development of Chinese desulfurization and denitration industry are:
(1) Environmental bursts "three gold medals", the especially emission limit helps the birth of "ultra low emission";
(2) Coal-fired power industry is still the focus and leading industry of electricity desulfurization and denitration, coal-fired power plants’ ultra-low emissions have formed a culture;
(3) Waste denitration catalyst will be included in the national hazardous waste management; moreover, the zero discharge of desulfurization wastewater has attracted attention, numbers of power plants have carried out zero discharge of wastewater;
(4) Desulfurization and denitration market expanded to non-electric industry, industrial boiler is the focus, steel, cement, and kiln ect. will be strengthen supervision, to encourage the industry with the capacity of using clean coal to use more coal, and also restrict the arbitrary use of coal.
 
According to the "National List of Hazardous Wastes", hazardous waste (form of solid or liquid) is as following:
1. Corrosive, toxic, flammable, reactive or infectious and other one or several hazardous characteristics;
2. Do not exclude hazardous properties, and may cause harmful effects on the environment or human health, which needs to be managed following hazardous waste.
 
Denitration catalyst is the core of SCR system, the current international widely used is taking vanadium pentoxide as the main active substance; titanium dioxide as the carrier; tungsten trioxide (or molybdenum trioxide) as an assistant, plays the role of anti-poison, anti-sulphuric, anti-sintering of the carriers; also adds the other adhesive components. In the running of tungsten trioxide denitration catalyst, due to fouling, abrasion, alkali metal poisoning, catalyst will cause deactivation, and affects the denitration activity.
 
Due to the abandoned denitration catalyst contains highly toxic of vanadium pentoxide, which will cause great harm to the environment and the human body, and belongs to the category of hazardous waste; if it is not been well handled, a huge potential harm will cause on the environment, and also cause a great waste of resources. Common treatment includes landfill, incineration and recycling, wherein recycling is the most promoted way, the comprehensive recycling can not only solve the pollution problem, but also making the recycling of resources (such as tungsten, vanadium, titanium and other metals) at the same time, therefore, its research has very practical significance.

 

Development of Tungsten Carbide Used for Mining

Recent years, since the development of mining and energy exploration as well as some large-scale infrastructure construction projects, tungsten carbide for mining, such as tungsten carbide buttons, bits, picks, mills, DTH drills and some supporting tools has been widely used and the market demands increased gradually. With the rapid development of metallurgical industrial technology of our country, in gas, fuel oil, natural gas drilling, some demands of mechanical mining equipment and large and medium pore diameter drill with carbide ore also increased. Mining tools take advantage of WOB and rotation of the impact load itself broken rock, drill and buttons during operation when subjected to high impact loads at the same time by twisting, bending, stretching, compression and other complex stress. And it subjected to the wear and corrosion by rocks, rock dust, mineral water, etc. at high-speed rotation. So it requires that tungsten carbide used for mining not only has high hardness and toughness, but also has good wear and corrosion resistance.

In order to combine wear resistance with toughness, relevant researchers develop many new types of carbide, such as ultra-fine or nano cemented carbide, high-temperature powder based carbides, functional gradient tungsten carbide, low-Co and coarse grain carbide, double binder phase and double crystalline structure, etc. Double binder phase was developed by American company, which fully dense WC-Co pellets embedded in Co matrix to remain the similar wear resistance of common alloys. The binder phase can be any bonding metal, alloy or another kind of cemented carbide.

The most outstanding characteristic is that the hard phase is not a hard compound (WC), which is composed of refractory metal compound and Co sintered hard material into crystalline pellets (WC-Co) composition and mixed with binder metal for secondary sintering. Compared with most of double phase tungsten carbide, double binder phase carbide has greater design freedom (size, hardness, toughness, strength of base and so on), which has been widely used in rolling cutter bits, impacting bits, dragging bits and other tools. Double crystalline tungsten carbide is also called as non-uniform grain carbide. Since the WC grain size distribution curve has two peaks, it can be also known as bimodal-structure tungsten carbide. This kind of structure coarse grain WC can provide good ductility and toughness, and a certain proportion of fine grain WC is able to provide high wear resistance.

tungsten carbide buttons used for mining

 

CNC Machine Has Become Powerful Policy Development Priorities of China

In the year of 2015's "Made in China 2025" is the Programme of Action for the Decade of manufacturing power, which was first proposed implementation strategy. It takes "high-end CNC machine tools and robots" as a key area to vigorously promote. And it has proposed development of a number of precision, high speed, high efficiency, flexible CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment and integrated manufacturing systems; accelerate the development of high-end CNC machine tools, manufacturing, and other materials by cutting-edge technology and equipment; To enhance the reliability, precision keeping the focus on the development of high-end CNC system, servo main features and key applications software motor, bearing, grating, accelerate industrialization; enhance the user process validation capacity building.

CNC machine tools is the mainstream of modern manufacturing equipment, which is he embodiment of modern technology, an important symbol of modern machinery manufacturing technology level, is relative to the people's livelihood, national defense building strategic materials. Although since 2002, China has become the biggest country in world machine tool imports and consumption, it has significant export deficit, especially in High-grade, large, sophisticated, high-speed CNC machine tools and CNC systems degree dependence on imports. So overcome technical bottlenecks, narrowing the gap with the international advanced level in the country has become the direction of development of CNC machine tools. Due to tungsten carbide has high hardness, excellent wear resistance, and it can be the best choice for indexable insert. In the process of CNC machining, tungsten carbide indexable inserts have many advantages:
1. It is difficult to produce the cracks and cracks expansion;
2. It can adopt CVD or PVD to deposit a harder layer (TiC, TiN, CBN) on tungsten carbide matrix surface to improve the cutting property;
3. Simple operation, shorter time for tool changing, high machining efficiency;
4. Tungsten carbide indexable inserts are standardized and centralized production, which has consistent blade geometry parameters, cutting control and stability, and a very wide scope.

tungsten carbide indexable insert

 

The Localization of Ultra-High-Purity Aluminum and its Alloy Coating Materials Promotes the Development of Tungsten Heater

Due to a high melting point and high corrosion resistance, tungsten heater is widely used in vacuum aluminizing. With the rapid development of electronic information market, high-performance chips, the new display and other electronic devices market has a good development space. The key support of electronics manufacturing is a thin film material, and because of the lower resistivity, and it is easy to deposit, and the mature technology and other excellent characteristics, a thin aluminum film has become core material for integrated circuits, discrete devices, liquid crystal display and other related fields. Compared to developed countries, the time of the development of ultra-high purity aluminum and its alloys evaporation material is relatively late, there is still a certain gap to well-known international companies in process maturity and industry development. Although China is one of the largest countries for reserves of tungsten resources in the world, but due to the immaturity of the technology, tungsten heater cannot satisfy domestic market in vacuum aluminizing. As a result of it, most buyers have to import products from abroad, which would not only time consuming but also a greater cost.

tungsten heaterRecently, China News reported that sets of technology system have been established of ultra-high purity aluminum and its alloy coating materials, realizing the development and industrialization of electronic information field the ultra-high purity aluminum evaporation materials, semiconductor of aluminum and its alloy target material and a full range of coating materials. The localization of ultra-high-purity aluminum and its alloy coating materials will accelerate the development of high-end high-purity thin film material, greatly facilitate the improvement of traditional non-ferrous metal industries and industrial extension technology, and prefect the advanced electronic information manufacturing industry and supply chain of accessory products. Vacuum aluminizing has the feature of plastic film and the properties of the metal. The function of vacuum aluminizing is that it can prevent ultraviolet ray, which prolongs quality guarantee period and improves the brightness and perception of film.

Severe Economic Situation Causes a Slow Growth of Tungsten Market (Tungsten Heater)

tungsten heaterIn recent years, China's economic situation is not optimistic, not only China, the global economy is in the doldrums, although China's GDP is still growing, but the growth rate has declined for five years, and it is likely to continue declining in next few years. After years of rapid economic growth, the current slow growth is a normal phenomenon. Peking University scholars believe that China is undergoing historic economic restructuring. In this tough economy condition, businesses and individuals need to do the pre-judgment for the future development. In addition, the continuous depreciation of the RMB has a great impact on the domestic economy.

What are the main reasons for the decline of China's current economy? Professor of Economics Hai Wen said that the first reason is a long-term trend. The growth of a country's economic cannot always keep 10% of high growth. On the other hand, the second reason is now China is now facing macroeconomic cycle. This recession is still a continuation of the 2009 recession. It can be seen from the tungsten market a few months ago that the price is fluctuating and most buyers have been kept wait-and-see attitude for a long time, resulting in the overall trading volume of whole tungsten market (tungsten heater) is in decline. While China's GDP growth rate has slowed compared to previous years, China's economy still has a great potential for development. Because China is in the take-off stage of economic, and the development potential is from the four areas, including services, urbanization, technology, innovation and manufacturing industry and the new developed space to brought by " The Belt and Road Initiative ". With the development of science and technology, it is believed that there will be more room for the development of China's economy in the future. Therefore, the tungsten market will be better soon.

Further Enhance of Tungsten Ore Exploration would Influence Tungsten Heater

tungsten heaterMineral resources are non-renewable resources, due to its limited reserves, China has strengthen the control of it in recent years. It is an important material basis for the development of social production, and production and life of modern society have already cannot separate with mineral resources. Moreover, China is currently in the mid-industrialization, the demand of mineral resources is increasing. China Mining News reported that the Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China made it clear in the near future that China will further strengthen the exploration and protection of important mineral resources. Land and Resources issued the “Land Resources ‘Thirteen Five’ Plan” which focus on the implementation of effective control of mining tungsten, rare earth ions, etc., strictly limiting the development of minerals and tailings resources which cannot be reasonably used, so that it can avoid the destruction and the waste of resources. Strictly managing development access of mineral resources, improving entry barriers of environmental protection, technology, investment, efficiency of resource use and others.

Although China is one of the biggest tungsten ore reserves countries in the world, but because of irrational exploitation and utilization, leading to the depletion of mineral resources. This regulation has the impact on the tungsten market. On the one hand, it would limit the production of the tungsten heater to a certain extent, and now it can ease the problem of oversupply of tungsten market. On the other hand, this plan can improve the development and utilization of mineral resources, protection China’s mineral resources. With the development of China's industrialization process, environmental pollution has also increased year by year, haze, acid rain and other natural disasters annually cause some damage to economy and the environment. This strengthening of controls will slow down the pollution of the environment to some extent.

China Pioneered New Type Silicon Carbide Desulfurization Pipeline, Tungsten Trioxide Desulfurization Catalyst-Haze Govern Weapon

June 18, scientific and technological achievements identification and products exchange of subject of "gradient porous silicon carbide ceramic / resin composite pipe wear and corrosion resistance" held in Beijing. In the meeting, the chief expert of this project reported the overall implementation of the project and accepted the questions from Expert Group. After discussion, the experts agreed that the product has a significant "wear-resisting and corrosion-resisting, super-long life and light weight" and other properties, thus the project passed through the technical inspection, and determined that the international pioneering, the overall technology has reached the international advanced level. It is reported that the product can significantly reduce power enterprises desulfurization system operating costs, reduce the emission of pollutants, and otherwise has good promotion prospects.

new type silicon carbide desulfurization pipeline and desulfurization catalyst
 
At present, China has a quite severe situation of energy-saving and emission-reduction, the sulfur dioxide is one of the main culprits in the formation of haze, however, thermal power enterprises are the main source of China's industrial sulfur dioxide exhaust gas. At present, the Chinese power companies desulfurization pipeline is widely using the traditional rubber lining and lining ceramic desulfurization pipeline, however, because these products are prone to corrosion, wear, fracture and other statuses, resulting in an annual loss of a variety of more than ten billion RMB; In addition, because of the unpredictability of the pipe broken, the unplanned shutdown of desulfurization system occur now and then, which greatly affects the efficiency and effectiveness of the entire power system. The program of "comprehensive implementation of coal-fired power plants ultra-low emissions and energy-saving work" which China issued noted that by 2020, China will fully implement of energy-saving coal-fired power plant, and the coal-fired generating units must be installed devices of desulfurization, denitrification and dust removal according to rules, thus to reach the goal of significantly reduce pollution emissions.
 
Tungsten trioxide desulfurization catalyst has active surface, which can occur catalytic oxidation, and promote the direct reaction of sulfur dioxide, accelerate the dissolution of calcium carbonate, promote calcium carbonate rapidly oxidized into calcium sulfate, strengthen the precipitation of calcium sulfate, lower the ratio of liquid and gas, reduce the ratio of calcium and sulfur and the water evaporation. In addition, the participate of tungsten trioxide desulfurization catalyst may play a role of preventing dirt, anti-corrosion and corrosion mitigation, reducing the desulfurization system maintenance and replacement of spare parts, broaden the range of options desulfurization materials, improve reliability of the system. Thus tungsten trioxide desulfurization catalyst has broad market in flue gas desulfurization, playing considerable economic and social benefits, thus to be the sharp weapon of haze governing.

 

A Meeting of Eight Enterprises for Tungsten Heater

After two meetings of tungsten enterprises in November, 2015 and February, 2016, the third meet whether it can further improve the tungsten market in June 7 was attracted much attention by public. The meeting was held in Chaozhou, enterprises who attended the meeting own more than 27 tungsten mine, and the production of tungsten concentrate is more than 50% of domestic production, so the market is accustomed to call these eight tungsten mining enterprises as "Eight Tungsten Enterprises". Recently, economic situation in China is in a depressed state, and tungsten market is also in turmoil. China's mainstream tungsten enterprises have been facing serious losses and the loss of strategic raw materials for 2 years. During this period, China's mainstream tungsten enterprises continue to take positive action to keep market stability, which save the critical situation of tungsten market.

tungsten heaterThe convening of the meeting could help restore confidence of private tungsten enterprises, and the leading of those large tungsten enterprises will directly has a significant impact on the private enterprises. Some effective policies put forward in the meeting, such as limited production, support value, restricted sales and other measures, which will greatly save the current sluggish state of the market. Eight tungsten enterprises reached an agreement in this meeting agreed to make that would reverse the declining situation of tungsten market.

As a national rare earth resource, China will introduce some relevant policies for tungsten, continuing to promote the steady development of tungsten market. The volume of tungsten has been continuing to reduce for a long time. This the third meeting likes fuel delivered in the snow, tungsten prices are expected to rise to a certain extent, but the possibility of a sharp rise is relatively small. Prices of tungsten heater and other related products will also increase. All in all, these three meetings will directly promote the future development of the tungsten market.

Beijing Held Third Party Industrial VOCs Governance Policy Seminar, Tungsten Trioxide Photocatalyst Handle VOC

June 15th, the third party industrial VOCs governance policy seminar which organized by the State Environmental Protection petrochemical industry VOCs Pollution Control Engineering Technology Center and the National Federation of Chamber of Commerce held in Beijing, in-depth discussed the status quo of VOCs market, analyzed the existing problems of development in this industry, and made recommendations for a number of system construction stage of industrial VOCs third-party governance and management.
 
The important means of controlling VOCs during the Thirteen Five period is "comprehensive treatment + oil and gas recovery + source control." During the Thirteen Five period, China predicts to carry out a comprehensive improvement of VOCs in the petrochemical, organic chemicals, surface coating, packaging, printing and other industries. In China, VOCs (volatile organic compounds), refers to the all volatile organic compound corresponding which saturated vapor pressure at room temperature, and greater than 70 Pa, an organic compound having a boiling point at atmospheric pressure below 260 ℃ or under 20 ℃ condition vapor pressure greater than or equal to 10 Pa.

VOCs governance policy seminar photocatalyst removes formaldehyde
 
After years of research, photocatalytic technology to governance VOCs has been large-scale used in the China industrial waste-gas fields, and constantly improve the industry to form a series of organic light catalytic exhaust gas purification device. Studies have shown that the tungsten trioxide photocatalyst is a very effective catalyst to governance VOCs, which can eventually break down the volatile organic compounds into harmless carbon dioxide and water under the action of light. Thus, the photocatalyst has the functions like strong sterilization, deodorant, anti-mildew, air purification. In particular, the composite tungsten trioxide photocatalyst, such as doped ceria, yttria, lattices of tungsten trioxide itself have changed due to the contamination of other metallic elements, the advantageously combination with the composite metal enhanced photocatalytic activity. However, the doping amount of the metal should not be too much, otherwise it may be counterproductive, on the contrary, it will lower photocatalytic activity of the photocatalyst.

 

Denitration Catalyst Industry Research Report, V2O5-WO3 / TiO2 Used Widely

The whole China's environmental protection industry started late for about 30 years up to now, its development is driven largely depending on government policy, and still in the stage of rapid development. Environmental protection industry and new energy development is generally considered to be the driving force of reshape the structure of economic development. The report analyzed that the upstream and downstream industry overview; the beneficial factors of this industry are: under the support of national industrial policy, the denitration equipment manufacturing market has a broad prospect, environmental protection equipment manufacturing technology continues to improve; however the disadvantages are: the economic development has faced with the greater downward pressure, thus to affect the environmental investments and expenses, the implementation of environmental protection policies in the system, mechanism, the implementation of environmental new policy in the aspects of system, mechanism and management are not perfect, besides, both the autonomous innovation and comprehensive ability are weak; the China domestic denitration industries market size of thermal power, steel, cement and others are in the rapid development, the market demand continued to increase. Of course, a lot of problems also encountered, such as technical, financial, talented person and performance barriers ect..

tungsten trioxide denitration catalyst
 
Air pollution control equipment manufacturing industry, especially the denitration catalyst industry is the technology, capital-intensive industry. In the early development of the China denitration technology, all the SCR key technologies and equipments are relied on the introduction of foreign. In recent years, as China's flue gas denitrification technology localization, industrialization, and the innovation development, the complexity and diversity SCR technology which adapted to Chinese coal-fired has been rapidly expanded across the thermal power industry.
 
The raw materials of SCR denitration catalyst including precious and non-precious metal oxide, wherein the precious metal is mainly Pt, Pd, Rh and Ag, etc., metal oxides are mainly V2O5,Fe2O3, CrOx, MnOx, MgO and NiO and so on. With the SCR denitration catalyst being continually researched deeply, the noble metal catalyst is soon replaced by the metal oxide catalyst. Among them, particularly the V2O5-WO3/TiO2and V2O5/TiO2 researched and applied for the most, and being used in conventional SCR devices to play high catalytic activity. WO3 is a yellow tungsten oxide with many unique properties, such as: photochromic, gas properties, catalytic, and so on, as an additive of denitration catalyst to primarily play the role of anti-sulfide, anti-sintering of carrier.

 

 

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