1, Tungsten rhenium thermocouples classification. Included in the national standards of tungsten rhenium thermocouples in two ways:

  A, Tungsten rhenium 5 - 26 tungsten rhenium, its positive nominal composition of 95% tungsten, 5% rhenium, tungsten cathode a nominal composition of 74%, 26% rhenium. Indexing number of WRe5-WRe26, abbreviated: W-Re5/26.

B, 3 tungsten rhenium - tungsten rhenium 25, its positive nominal composition of 97% tungsten, 3% rhenium, tungsten cathode a nominal composition of 75% and 25% rhenium. Indexing number of WRe3-WRe25, abbreviated: W-Re3/25.

2, The use of tungsten-rhenium thermocouples. Current measuring a temperature above 1600 ℃, the use of non-contact method, however, the method of error is large, such as the contact law can accurately measure the real temperature. In the high-temperature thermocouples, precious metal thermocouples are expensive and the maximum temperature only in 1800 ℃ below, while tungsten rhenium thermocouple temperature limit is not only high, but good stability, therefore, tungsten rhenium thermocouples in metallurgy, building materials, aerospace , aviation and nuclear industries have been widely used. Rich resources of tungsten, tungsten-rhenium thermocouples cheap, can be partially substituted precious metal thermocouples, it is the high-temperature test promising field of temperature materials.


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Tungsten-rhenium thermocouples with temperature a good linear relationship between electric potential, thermal stability, reliable, cheap, etc., can be directly measured liquids, steam and gases such as temperature. Tungsten-rhenium thermocouples can partially substitute platinum-rhodium thermocouple as high metallurgical industry, high-temperature electronic structure of thermoelectric systems engineering and space vehicles, ultra-high temperature nuclear reactors measurement tools.

Tungsten-rhenium thermocouples for temperature dependence of thermopower meet ZBN05003-88 indexing table, equivalent ASTME696-84 standards. In a vacuum, reducing, inert atmosphere, it is possible within the range 0 ~ 2300 ℃ use. Tungsten-rhenium thermocouple protection tube using a special tungsten rhenium even can at 1600 ℃ under oxidizing atmosphere, long-term use, its price is lower than the platinum-rhodium thermocouple.

Tungsten-rhenium thermocouples is 1931 by Goedecke (Ge virtues g) first developed out at 60 to 70 years to develop the most successful refractory metal thermocouples. Tungsten-rhenium thermocouple is characterized by: a high melting point hot wire (3300 ℃), vapor pressure, easily oxidized; in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, good chemical stability. Emf, high sensitivity, the most important is cheap.

Tungsten-rhenium thermocouples indexing with W / (W-26Re), (W-3Re) / (W-25Re), (W-5Re) / (W-26Re) and (W-5Re) / (W-20Re ), etc. Long-term use temperature of 2000 ~ 2400 ℃, short-term use up to 3000 ℃.


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Tungsten alloy armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) is a type of ammunition which, like a bullet, does not contain explosives and uses kinetic energy to penetrate the target. Tungsten alloy APFSDS is adopted by Type 99 main battle tank.

The Type 99 main battle tank, also known as ZTZ-99 and WZ-123, developed from the Type 98G (in turn, a development of the Type 98), is a third generation main battle tank (MBT) fielded by the Chinese People's Liberation Army. It is made to compete with other modern tanks. It is currently the most advanced MBT fielded by China. The Type 99 main battle tank is a successor to the Type 98G tank manufactured for the People's Liberation Army (PLA).

The 3rd generation kinetic energy armour-piercing ammunition for the 125mm tank gun is the tungsten alloy APFSDS round with a 30:1 length/calibre tungsten alloy penetrator and is claimed to be capable of penetrating 860mm steel armor at a distance of 2,000m.



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Tungsten alloy shot has high density(18.6g/cm3), high hardness and resistance to high temperature. Tungsten alloy shot is the most suitable for shot of shot gun. Armsel Striker used tungsten alloy shot as its shot.

The Armsel Striker — also known as Sentinel Arms Co Striker-12, Protecta, Protecta Bulldog, and Cobray/SWD Street Sweeper — is a revolver 12-gauge shotgun designed for riot control and combat.

The Armsel Striker was created in Rhodesia by Hilton Walker in 1983. Walker moved to South Africa, bringing with him the design for the Striker shotgun. His shotgun became a success, and was exported to various parts of the world. Even though it was successful, the shotgun still had its flaws. The rotary cylinder-type magazine was bulky, had a slow reload time, and the basic action was not without certain flaws.

Tungsten alloy shot has highly improved performance of Armsel Striker.


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Tungsten alloy shot is used as the shot of Saiga-12, for its high density, high hardness and resistance to high temperature.

The SPAS-15 is a dual-mode 12 gauge combat shotgun manufactured by the Italian company Luigi Franchi S.p.A..

SPAS-15 is based on the SPAS-12, and has similar pump-action/semi-automatic firing modes. In semi-automatic mode a gas piston drives a bolt carrier and rotating bolt. In pump-action mode the same components are driven by sliding the fore-end backwards. Pump-action mode is required to reliably fire low-pressure (less lethal) ammunition such as tear gas rounds or less-lethal bean bags. Switching between firing modes is done by pressing a button above the foregrip, and sliding the foregrip slightly forwards or backwards. The barrel is chrome lined and features screw-in choke tubes.

Unlike its predecessor, the SPAS-15 is fed by a detachable box magazine. The gun features a folding stock and a pistol grip safety.

Using tungsten alloy shot, SPAS-15 highly improved execution.


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Tungsten alloy shot is used as the shot of Saiga-12, for its high density, high hardness and resistance to high temperature.

The Saiga-12 is a 12-gauge shotgun available in a wide range of configurations, visually patterned after the Kalashnikov series of assault rifles. Like the Kalashnikov rifle variants, it is a rotating bolt, gas-operated gun that feeds from a box magazine. All Saiga-12 configurations are recognizable as Kalashnikov-pattern guns by the large lever-safety on the right side of the receiver, the optic mounting rail on the left side of the receiver and the large top-mounted dust cover held in place by the rear of the recoil spring assembly.

The Saiga-12 is manufactured by the arms division of Izhmash, in Russia. It was previously imported into the US by European American Armories, although their agreement expired in 2005 and Izhmash then began exporting through the Russian-American Armory Company. The current export import partner is Wolf Performance Arms. Izhmash also manufactures Saiga 20s and Saiga 410s in 20-gauge and .410 bore, as well as the Saiga semi-automatic hunting rifles in a number of centerfire calibers.

Tungsten alloy shot has increased the lethality of Saiga-12, for its high density, high hardness and other properties.


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Tungsten alloy shot is used as the shot for shotgun hunting shells. AA-12 uses tungsten alloy shot as its hunting shot.

AA-12, originally designed and known as the Atchisson Assault Shotgun, is a shotgun developed in 1972 by Maxwell Atchisson. The most prominent feature is reduced recoil. The current 2005 version has been developed over 18 years since the patent was sold to Military Police Systems, Inc. The original design was the basis of several later weapons, including the USAS-12 combat shotgun. AA-12 is fully automatic only but fires at a rate of 300 rounds per minute, making it possible to fire one round at a time with brief trigger pulls. It is fed from either an 8-shell box magazine, or a 20- or 32-shell drum magazine.

Tungsten alloy shot has increased the lethality of AA-12, for its high density, high hardness and other properties.



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Tungsten alloy shot is used as the shot for shotgun hunting shells. Tungsten alloy shot is used as the shot of SPAS-12.

The Franchi SPAS-12 is a combat shotgun manufactured by Italian firearms company Franchi from 1979 to 2000. Only five percent (about 1,850) of the estimated SPAS-12 shotguns manufactured were imported into the U.S. The SPAS-12 is a dual-mode shotgun, adjustable for semi-automatic or pump-action operation. The SPAS-12 has been sold to military and police users worldwide, on the civilian market, and has been featured in films and TV shows.

The appearance and intended purpose of the SPAS-12 initially led to its "combat" designation. Franchi renamed the model the Sporting Purpose Automatic Shotgun in 1990, after the importation ban of 1989 (when it was called the Special Purpose Automatic Shotgun). This allowed continued sales to the U.S. as a limited-magazine-capacity, fixed-stock model until 1994. Following the Federal Assault Weapons Ban, exports to the U.S. ceased. In September 2004 the ban expired, but Franchi had already ended production of the SPAS-12.

Using tungsten alloy shot, the force of SPAS-12 is improved.



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Tungsten-rhenium wire has room and high temperature strength, good ductility after recrystallization, the resistance rate is high, low resistivity, resistant to oxidation and carburization resistance, "water cycle response" capability and welding performance and good.

Tungsten-rhenium wire is powder metallurgy, machining and electrochemical machining pressure as the main technical expertise to wire with different characteristics, Rod, and products for the product, in order to create a single crystal sapphire as the main application areas, it is the tungsten industry system with high technological content and added value of a branch.

Tungsten-Rhenium Wire Introduction

Abbreviation: Tungsten Rhenium Wire for Sapphire
Tungsten-rhenium wire is a kind of tungsten and rhenium alloy composed of different proportions according to wire.

Common models are: W-3Re (rhenium-containing 3%) W-5Re (rhenium containing 5%) W-20Re (rhenium containing 20%) W-25Re (rhenium containing 25%) W-26Re (rhenium containing 26%)
Wherein the model W-25Re (rhenium-25%), 0.5mm diameter tungsten rhenium wire is widely used in the manufacture of single crystal sapphire.


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Rhenium Effect

Often the doped tungsten containing 3 to 5% of rhenium, tungsten rhenium wire is called, it can make an extension of the tungsten-brittle transition temperature drops to or below room temperature. This is a very strange rhenium effect, has not yet found one element can replace rhenium, tungsten produce the same effect.

Tungsten-Rhenium Alloy

Composed of tungsten and rhenium alloys. One for low-rhenium alloy containing less than 5% rhenium; another is a high-rhenium alloys, rhenium is 20% ~ 30%. Its preparation method and tungsten material similar to the main tube and the application of the special color cathode ray tube filament, require high strength and high ductility of the high temperature part, the low-rhenium alloy and a pair of high rhenium alloy can be used to measure the temperature of 1500 ~ 3000 ℃ thermal even. Instead of using the tungsten-rhenium thermocouple platinum-rhodium thermocouple can save precious platinum, rhodium and other metals. Rhenium is also scattered metal, fewer resources, more expensive, if not necessary, should be adopted without rhenium or less plus rhenium tungsten alloy.


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