Producing Tungsten Oxide Electrochromic Films Methods

Producing tungsten oxide electrochromic films has some methods such as vacuum thermal evaporation, electron beam evaporation, sputtering, vapor deposition, electro deposition and sol - gel method. Tungsten oxide electrochromic film deal with heat treatment with certain temperature can improve the adhesion and cycle life, but the high temperature heat treatment it will affect the response time and color film. Generally, physical production methods require high temperature heat treatment, such as electron beam evaporation required 500e heat treatment, thermal evaporation required 350e, the RF sputtering for an 200 ~ 300e. These methods often are limited because the equipment is expensive, technically complex and demanding of process conditions. Chemical production of the sol - gel method is simple equipment and it can produce large-scale uniformity film with low temperature, but usually need more than 100e heat treatment. Alkoxide method requires 250e heat treatment, the ion exchange method needs 150e, halogenated oxidation method needs 120e.

But using sodium tungsten as raw material and ethanol and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as an additive, obtained tungsten acid solution by ion exchange, and then using sol - gel method to producing superior performance tungsten oxide electrochromic films. This film simply need 75e heat treatment, the driving voltage of -1 ~ + 1V, fully shaded and faded time of only a few seconds, coloring in an aqueous solution - fade cycles up to 600 times, the color can be kept after coloring the number of days.

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