Tungsten-copper is used to make composite materials for heat sinks in computers and other electronic devices. The materials can be mounted to computer chips or ceramic bases.

Tungsten-copper materials conduct heat efficiently without the excessive expansion that would present problems when mounted to other materials. Copper by itself has high thermal expansion properties, making it unsuitable for such applications unless combined with a material such as tungsten.

Tungsten and copper do not form an alloy because their melting temperatures are very different. The composite material is instead made by mixing metal powders. They are then heated and injected into a mold for heat-sink manufacture.

Heat sinks are used to conduct heat away from computer chips and integrated circuits, preventing thermal damage. Depending on the electronic device, heat sinks come in different sizes and shapes. Tungsten-copper composites, with copper content (by weight) of 15 to 20 percent, are often used to make heat sinks.

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With two tungsten projects slated for production within the next few weeks, Vietnam is set to play a more significant role in the tungsten market.

With its 60-percent stake, Hazelwood Resources possesses the majority interest of Asia Tungsten Products, which owns ATC, a new ferrotungsten refinery in Vihn Bao. Hazelwood hopes to eventually become a vertically integrated ferrotungsten producer and is set to take a major step toward achieving that goal by bringing ATC online.

Terry Butler-Blaxell, managing director, said the resource protection measures implemented in China since 2008, especially the 20 percent export tariff on ferrotungsten, have impacted supply. Therefore, an ex-China source is expected to be well received.

ATC is expected to be the largest most advanced ferrotungsten plant outside of China. At stage one the refinery will have an annual maximum capacity of about 4,000 metric tons (MT). Hazelwood is expecting to reach one third of that capacity this year and to ramp up to producing at over half of the maximum capacity in 2014.

Having only a refinery means Hazelwood has to rely on the market for feedstock. The company has already sourced and contracted about 100 MT of concentrate per month.

Hazelwood plans to start commissioning after Easter and move toward first production by the first week in April. The first shipment of material is expected in April, driving the company’s expectations that it will record revenue next month.

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Current tungsten concentrates price is between 82,000 and 84000 yuan per ton. As a manufacturer in Jiangxi province said, tungsten mine is sold at 83,000 yuan per ton (about 60%) in his company. Another manufacturer said that 60% of the price of its tungsten ore was 82,500yuan per ton, with transaction volume of about 40 tons. A miner in Yunnan province said 55-65% of its tungsten is sold at 8.2 yuan per ton recently , with transaction volume of 80 tons.

A purchaser in Jiangxi province said 55-65% of its recent purchase price of tungsten ore was 82,500 yuan per ton. The manufacturers signed orders for powder in early June. Another buyer said that he bought 20 tons of tungsten concentrate from Hunan province at 83,500yuan per ton. The manufacturer said that the offer of mine operators in the region was 84,000 yuan per ton.

Currently tungsten concentrate market keeps steady, and the prices there will not fluctuate over 1000 yuan per ton in the short term.

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China exported 200 million U.S dollars worth of tungsten-based chemicals in the first quarter of 2007, down 11 percent, and imported 40 million US dollars worth, down another 11 percent, according to sources with the China Tungsten Industry Association on May 5.

The tungsten exports stood at 5,955 tons, down 6.4 percent, and imports at 1,509 tons, down 11 percent.

The total arrivals included 396 tons of tungsten products, up 22 percent, and 1,113 tons of tungsten concentrates, down 19 percent.

The net exports of tungsten concentrates amounted to 4,446 tons in the three-month period, the sources added.

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In recent years, China has imposed export restriction on tungsten and largely purchased this kind of metal, stimulating the demand for tungsten and motivating efforts to search for tungsten ore. However, the entire process takes two or three years. In a word, new major supply source will not have appeared by 2013.

Considering the short supply of tungsten in the world market, on which those industries strongly depending such as scientific industries, their choices are very limited. It’s unrealistic for most companies to purchase a mining company as what Warren Buffett has done. Thus, cooperating with companies supplying tungsten except Chinese suppliers has become the only possibility. It’s the only way in the foreseeable future for there are so many industries relying on this kind of irreplaceable metal.

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The panicky drop in the international price of gold and the lower price of copper, aluminum and other commodities has stressed the market. However, the price of the minor metal, tungsten, not affected by these drops, continued its upward trend. The quotation of tungsten of Pan-Asian Non-ferrous Metal Exchange has set a new high.

The rising price of tungsten has provided a good environment for companies. Xiamen Tungsten stated in its first-quarter performance forecast that the domestic and foreign demand has dramatically increased since March, 2013, gradually rising the sale price and the profitability.

There are three domestic listed companies covering the industrial chain of tungsten, they are Xiamen Tungsten, Hunan Non-ferrous Metals and Zhangyuan Tungsten.

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American National Carbide (ANC), a Texas based tungsten carbide supplier and machine tool manufacturer, has completed the expansion of its carbide scrap recycling facility.

The company said that following the upgrade, the facility now has capacity to process over 1,000,000 pounds (454 tons) of scrap carbide per year - making it one of the largest recyclers of scrap carbide in the world.

According to ANC, the new state-of-the-art equipment and major advancements in carbide recycling technology are the culmination of a two-year, multi-million dollar project.

The proprietary recycling process developed by ANC produces is claimed to produce no emissions or waste products and be capable of converting 100% of the scrap carbide back into usable raw material without any loss of integrity or quality in the material.

“This expansion was a key part of our push for sustainability with respect to tungsten carbide,” explained D. Greg Stroud, president of American National Carbide.

“By minimizing the presence of tungsten carbide in the waste stream and increasing recycling of this material, we are helping to offset any future effects of its consumption,” he added.

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Tungsten export market participants stated that although foreign demand doesn’t increase significantly, the export price of tungsten products remains strong, because of the rising of Chinese domestic prices.

A major tungsten exporter is optimistic about the tungsten market, “Tender cases in European market are increasing. Foreign consumers turn to directly purchase from Chinese suppliers when failing to purchase sufficient goods in Rotterdam.”

The quotation of Chinese domestic APT reaches to between 197,000 and 198,000 yuan, meanwhile, most exporters raise the export quotation to between 400 to 405 dollars per ton. The tight supply of tungsten concentrates leads to their rising tendency. Consequently, the export price of APT will rise recently.

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The export quotas of four kinds of tungsten products in China are totaling 11,955 tons in the first half of 2010, increasing nearly 10 percent compared to those in 2009.

In spite of the significant increase in quotas, the price of tungsten remains high. A Western supplier said, “The pricing power is at the disposal of Chinese sellers. I think the price will raise further.” He thought the high price of tungsten was the reason for China to increase export quotas. “The price of tungsten kept at 200 dollars per ton last year. They won’t increase quotas as such if the price is not so high. They are well-prepared.”

Another factor affecting American buyers is the returning of DLA Supply Team. DLA has stopped participating in the market since May, 2010, worsening the tungsten supply situation. But it is predicted to resume sales of tungsten products as early as in February. DLA is prudent in its sale plans, “Selling inventory of goods can’t fundamentally meet goods demand. Strategic goods have been more and more important.”

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