From 2007, China began to carry out perspective planning on production of rare earth and reduced export. That caused strong response from western countries. They required China to abolish limitation on rare earth export.

However, recently, a report in the U.S. showed that accusation on China controlling global rare earth is fictitious. In fact, Chinese rare earth made up only one-third of global reserves. The U.S. and Europe also had large amounts of rare earth, but they hided those rare earth.

n recent years, every import country of rare earth was always advocating speeches that reserves, production and export of Chinese rare earth were the first, all of rare earth in China and China monopolized supply of rare earth around the world. They regarded China as a state which had storage of rare earth and encouraged China to continue or increase the present tendency of low price export.

China began to limit export of rare earth. Those states which bought Chinese rare earth at low price for a long time show their protest to China through various channels. Because their own profits were decreased and some schemes were even broke down.

According to report from Japan’s Kyodo News Agency, Sankei Shinbun and other Japanese medium, the third ministerial Japan-China high-level economic dialogue will be held in Beijing on July 28. Japan will require China to relax restrictions on rare earth export. Before that, the U.S. and Europe had already raised the same claim.

In March, Mike Kaufman, congressman in the U.S. claimed that China had the ability to kidnap the U.S. market. He appealed government for protesting against China and buying 5 years’ rare earth reserves from China before the price soaring. In June, EU published a report that raw materials like rare earth had great significance for economy development in EU. Pressure on related industries was continuing to increase for reduction in Chinese rare earth export. The U.S. and Europe also lodges a complaint with WTO that China restricted export of rare earth which used for manufacturing steel or other products.

Were Chinese rare earth reserves really dominant as other states claimed? Did China really want to control international market by restricting rare earth export? Chinese data had already given the answer. But it was not accepted by other states. The U.S. report which published last month gave contradiction against those protests.

Marc Humphries, an analyst of energy policy in the U.S., submit a report named as Rare Earth Elements: Global Supply Chain to Congress. The report analyzed the usage of rare earth, global supply chain of rare earth and legislation to rare earth in the U.S. in detail. China appeared frequently. There were two chapters which headlines were Role of China and Challenge of China on Export Policy. The report also listed related data on Chinese rare earth in 2009 particularly.

Chart on Global Rare Earth Production and Export on page 6 of report showed clearly. In 2009, Chinese rare earth reserves were 36 million tons, accounting for 36% in the world. Production was 1200 thousand tons, accounting for 97% in the world. Compared with China, American rare earth reserves were 13 million tons, accounting for 13% in the world. Production is zero. Russian rare earth reserves were 19 million tons, accounting for 19% in the world. Production was zero. Australian reserves were 5.4 million tons. Production was zero too. Indian reserves were 3.1 million tons, making up 3% in the world. Production was 2700 tons, making up 2% in the world.

The report also referred to the mine at Mountain Pass, California. Production of mine used to be 20 thousand tons. The mine had already been closed for low price rare earth from China. It is said that Chinese rare earth export was decreased from 50 thousand tons in 2009 to 30 thousand tons in 2010, by reducing mining quantity, striking illegal mining activity, and using quota and export tax to restrict export. A huge gap of rare earth supply and demand would appear around the world. Every state was in urgent need of seeking other import channels for rare earth to answer Chinese measures.

Form the data, we can see that both the U.S. and Russia are higher than China. China produced 97% of global rare earth by utilizing its reserves which are only one-third of the world. The relationship between reserves and production is unequal. While the U.S. has 13% of global rare earth resources, it depends on import absolutely. So the version that Chinese restrictions on rare earth export causing rare earth short supply in some states is fictitious. Truly, they are not shortage of rare earth. They are shortage of low price rare earth from China.

Rare earth can bring a sharp increase to military technique. In one sense, the U.S. army controls overwhelmingly and strikes at enemy without hesitation in several wars after Cold War, for its high technique in rare earth.



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Cadillac Ventures (TSXV:CDC12) is not a household name when it comes to tungsten. The Canadian exploration company has been primarily focusing its efforts on copper13 in Ontario.

However, it does hold a 51-percent interest in a tungsten property in New Brunswick called Burnt Hill. The Burnt Hill project is a tungsten-tin14 mine that was brought to test production in the 1980s; currently, Cadillac is working on resuming development at the project.
 

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At the end of 2012, Happy Creek announced results from its drill program on the Fox property. Results of the program include drill hole F12-27.

Which returned 4.1 meters of 1.78-percent W03 (tungsten trioxide) at surface, 14.8 meters of 4-percent W03 starting at 83.2 meters and 24 meters of 0.79-percent W03 starting at 136 meters.

According to David Blann, president and CEO of the company, drill hole “F12-27 appears to be one of the best tungsten results globally in the past 30 years or more.”
 

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Canadian exploration company Happy Creek Minerals (TSXV:HPY10) is starting the summer drill program at its Fox tungsten project, located near 100 Mile House in British Columbia.
 

Happy Creek intends to drill between 12 and 15 holes for at total of 1,200 meters. The company is targeting shorter holes to access the near-surface and near-horizontal position and orientation of the mineralization.
 

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With summer coaxing tungsten traders into relaxation, tungsten exploration, development and mining companies are hard at work on their projects.

More recently, Wolf engaged CA Blackwell (Contracts) for a mining services contract valued at GBP85 million (AU$140 million).

Blackwell is expected to commence its work contract at Hemerdon sometime in March 2014. Per the contract agreements, investors can expect work to be completed at the project in two parts.

Phase one of the contract will include mine stripping and development for which the company anticipates an 11-month timeframe.

The second phase of the contract will be undertaking the development of the Hemerdon mine, which should take up to five years to complete once phase one has been finalized.
 

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APT tungsten prices are holding steady at $400 to $410 per metric ton unit (mtu). And with summer coaxing tungsten traders into relaxation, tungsten exploration, development and mining companies are hard at work on their projects.

One of the fastest-moving brownfields projects for tungsten is Wolf Minerals‘ (ASX:WLF6) Hemerdon project in the United Kingdom. The ASX-listed company is working hard at developing the project in order to bring it back online.

In June7, Wolf reported the first drawdown from the US$82-million funding package by Resource Capital Fund. The company also announced the start of a GBP75 million (~AU$123 million) Engineer Procure Construct contract with GR Engineering Services.
 

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China to cultivate high-level professionals for tungsten and rare earth industry in Jiangxi.

Jiangxi government, the Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyMIIT and the Ministry of Education announced to support and encourage Jiangxi University of Science and Technology to cultivate strategic high-level professionals for tungsten and rare earth industry, according to the press conference held by Jiangxi University of Science and Technology in Nanchang on Jul 16. Luo Sihai, the president of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology introduced.

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Consumers inactive in purchasing tungsten carbide powder.

In the recent days, the tungsten carbide powder market continued to be dull. The raw materials prices keep increasing, and the production cost for tungsten carbide powder factories moves up accordingly.

However, owing to the soft demand, the downstream customers are cautious in making deals, and watch the market for a while. 

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China tungsten concentrate prices stable.

China tungsten concentrate prices are stable this week, and the trading volume is small in the spot market.

Many market participants watch the future market, and are inactive in making deals. A source revealed that the prices for wolframite 55% are at RMB144,000-146,000t USD363-368mtu by cash in the spot market, and some offers are at RMB148,000-150,000t USD3.

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As in any mining story, grade is very important. But tungsten differs from other industrial metals and minerals and can be a tough metal to process.

In fact, it is so specialized that experience with any other metal or material is not transferable.  Therefore, having geologists and a metallurgist who have significant tungsten specific experience is key.

Furthermore, there are primarily two minerals that contain tungsten—wolframite and scheelite—and each requires different milling techniques.
 

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