While they don't contain as much gold as a solid gold ring, Gold-filled rings still contain a significant portion of precious metal. Gold-filled jewelry is made by bonding gold to a base metal, such as brass and forming the combination into a piece of jewelry. The metal is not filled with gold, but rather it is a gold form filled with a nonprecious metal. Typically the gold is either 10 karat or 14 karat and stamped GF. Remove the gold by filing it.

1.Cut away any settings or protrusions from the ring using the jewelry saw. Cut the ring on one side and bend it open. Make a note of how much gold is bonded to the base metal.

2.Place the ring in the pan. File the gold off the outside of the ring using the barrette file. File the sides of the ring with the same file. Stop filing and move to a new section when you can see the base metal.

3.File the inside of the ring using the half round file. If the band is comfort fit or contoured, use a rocking motion while filing to get an even stroke.

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For platinum, gold, and silver jewellery, there are many techniques to create finishes. The most common are high-polish, satin/matte, brushed, and hammered. High-polished jewellery is by far the most common and gives the metal a highly reflective, shiny look. Satin, or matte finish reduces the shine and reflection of the jewellery and is commonly used to accentuate gemstones such as diamonds. Brushed finishes give the jewellery a textured look and are created by brushing a material (similar to sandpaper) against the metal, leaving "brush strokes." Hammered finishes are typically created by using a rounded steel hammer and hammering the jewellery to give it a wavy texture.

Some jewellery is plated to give it a shiny, reflective look or to achieve a desired colour. Sterling silver jewellery may be plated with a thin layer of 0.999 fine silver (a process known as flashing) or may be plated with rhodium or gold. Base metal costume jewellery may also be plated with silver, gold, or rhodium for a more attractive finish.

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1.Gather your supplies and safety equipment. Tie back your hair and remove any dangling jewelry to avoid accidents while you are working.

2.Slice your wax in half width-wise to create identical halves.

3.Use a wax file to create an even surface on your wax halves. Set one of the halves aside.

4.Carve out a pattern in your wax with a razor or utility knife to form a mold for the piece of jewelry you want to create. The pattern should be equal to the length, width and depth you want for your finished jewelry. Alternatively, you can use another mold (if available) or a copy of the jewelry you want to make and press it down into your (softened) wax to make an impression.

5.Melt the gold with your hand torch or heated press. When using a hand torch, be sure to place the gold into a container that can withstand high heat.

6.Pour the molten gold into your wax mold, being certain to fill it in fully. Pour slowly enough to avoid being burned, but quickly enough to ensure that the gold remains molten.

7.Let the wax mold sit until the gold hardens, usually between 45 minutes to an hour. Place the mold in a press or clamp or under a heavy object to keep both halves tightly pressed together.

8.Open the mold and remove the jewelry.

9.Polish the gold jewelry using gold polish and a soft, clean cloth.

10.Add any beads, stones or gems needed to finish your piece.

11.Attach a clasp to the ends of a necklace, bracelet or anklet to complete it.

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Many precious and semiprecious stones are used for jewellery. Among them are:
Amber
Amber, an ancient organic gemstone, is composed of tree resin that has hardened over time. The stone must be at least one million years old to be classified as amber, and some amber can be up to 120 million years old.
Amethyst
Amethyst has historically been the most prized gemstone in the quartz family. It is treasured for its purple hue, which can range in tone from light to dark.Spanish emerald and gold pendant at Victoria and Albert Museum.
Emerald
Emeralds are one of the three main precious gemstones (along with rubies and sapphires) and are known for their fine green to bluish green colour. They have been treasured throughout history, and some historians report that the Egyptians mined emerald as early as 3500 BC.
Jade
Jade is most commonly associated with the colour green but can come in a number of other colours as well. Jade is closely linked to Asian culture, history, and tradition, and is sometimes referred to as the stone of heaven.
Jasper
Jasper is a gemstone of the chalcedony family that comes in a variety of colours. Often, jasper will feature unique and interesting patterns within the coloured stone. Picture jasper is a type of jasper known for the colours (often beiges and browns) and swirls in the stone’s pattern.
Quartz
Quartz refers to a family of crystalline gemstones of various colours and sizes. Among the well-known types of quartz are rose quartz (which has a delicate pink colour), and smoky quartz (which comes in a variety of shades of translucent brown). A number of other gemstones, such as Amethyst and Citrine, are also part of the quartz family. Rutilated quartz is a popular type of quartz containing needle-like inclusions.
Ruby
Rubies are known for their intense red colour and are among the most highly valued precious gemstones. Rubies have been treasured for millennia. In Sanskrit, the word for ruby is ratnaraj, meaning king of precious stones.
Sapphire
The most popular form of sapphire is blue sapphire, which is known for its medium to deep blue colour and strong saturation. Fancy sapphires of various colours are also available. In the United States, blue sapphire tends to be the most popular and most affordable of the three major precious gemstones (emerald, ruby, and sapphire).
Turquoise
Turquoise is found in only a few places on earth, and the world’s largest turquoise producing region is the southwest United States. Turquoise is prized for its attractive colour, most often an intense medium blue or a greenish blue, and its ancient heritage. Turquoise is used in a great variety of jewellery styles. It is perhaps most closely associated with southwest and Native American jewellery, but it is also used in many sleek, modern styles. Some turquoise contains a matrix of dark brown markings, which provides an interesting contrast to the gemstone’s bright blue colour.

Some gemstones (like pearls, coral, and amber) are classified as organic, meaning that they are produced by living organisms. Others are inorganic, meaning that they are generally composed of and arise from minerals.

Some gems, for example, amethyst, have become less valued as methods of extracting and importing them have progressed. Some man-made gems can serve in place of natural gems,such as cubic zirconia, which can be used in place of diamond.

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