Associate Professor, University of Western Australia , John - Mike Firenzuola led research team is a race against time , the development of world- leading level of accuracy of atomic clocks. They will be used in an experimental atomic clocks to measure a fundamental constants of the universe. Firenzuola Mike , who developed the atomic clock uses ytterbium atoms in manufacturing rare earth elements . He said: "Rather than watch them as I prefer to treat them as human beings ultimate precision machines. "

With different microwave atomic standard , the atomic clock at higher ytterbium light running frequency , time is divided into parts of about 100 000 to obtain a higher accuracy. Firenzuola Mike said: " In order to manufacture atomic clocks that we need to use a laser , an optical device, electronic device , stainless steel and ultra-high vacuum system for the isolation and ytterbium atoms. Almost every laser system can make people write a doctoral or master's thesis. "

The laser system is responsible for cooling and slowing the speed of ytterbium atoms , while in the field will be captured with them to a grid. The grid , they would have been with a particular frequency ultra high purity stable yellow laser bombardment . Laser atomic electron bombardment has led to a higher energy state . Firenzuola Mike said: "This yellow laser closest to a pure sine wave. Imagine the clarity of the notes you hear amplified 10 billion times , this is a pure sine wave needs to be done . "

Associate Professor, University of Western Australia , John - Mike Firenzuola . Firenzuola Mike led the research team is a race against time , the development of world- leading level of accuracy of atomic clocks. They will be used in an experimental atomic clocks to measure a fundamental constants of the universe. Mike , who Firenzuola atomic clock uses ytterbium atoms in the manufacture of rare earth elements .

Once complete, it will be Australia's only cold atom optical clocks , but also the international space atomic clock atomic clocks combined system only from the southern hemisphere . Space Atomic Clock combined system will be launched in 2016 into the International Space Station , to help determine whether the fine structure constant in physics remain the same in any area . Fine structure constant is used to represent the nucleus bound to bound electromagnetic force electrons. 3 years, after the atomic clock frequency than the comparison can be used to assess whether changes in the fine structure constant .

Firenzuola Mike said: "The astronomical observations showed that the fine structure constant changes occurring in the universe billions of years Transition . Fine structure constant may differ in different directions. Scientists develop atomic role is to look at whether to detect this change. " In addition to verifying the laws of physics and other research purposes , but can also be used to define the atomic clock time . Firenzuola Mike said: "We set up the current time in seconds between the energy levels of cesium -based transition of 9,192,631,770 cycles per second . " Development of scientists around the world ytterbium , aluminum , mercury, and strontium atomic clock, the atomic clock to determine which combination is most suitable for a standard definition of seconds in the future .


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The first week after the holiday , in addition to the rare earth market praseodymium , neodymium , dysprosium , gadolinium showed slightly higher product pricing , most products running smoothly. Beginning of the week just because manufacturers and traders to enter the market , demand and market price are purchasing fewer transactions are deserted, close to the weekend days, the market is gradually warming inquiries and purchases .

The latter , except for a few businesses , most of the manufacturers and traders gradually restored quote this week . This morning there Ganzhou Rare Earth Neodymium Praseodymium metal factory reflects the transaction price at 40 yuan / ton and above , the current vendors offer in 41-42 yuan / ton, the price of neodymium oxide, praseodymium at about 320,000 yuan / ton.

Dysprosium products, today around 175 merchants offer stable yuan / ton , some businesses offer 180 yuan / ton, less than 1.7 million yuan relatively ago / tonne or even lower than 1.65 million transaction price below the current price of dysprosium oxide it appears smooth and firm. Dysprosium iron present with ticket prices rise, the market has about 180-185 quoted in yuan / ton .

Gadolinium products, price stable or slightly increased , some businesses raised quoted gadolinium oxide , such as Ganzhou suppliers , said the current market price is 16 yuan / ton , and now more difficult to 155,000 or below purchase price to supply.

Lanthanum, cerium and europium, terbium market price is relatively stable, inquiries and actual transactions partial deserted. Volatility of the current offer from the manufacturers , traders and southern precious metal exchange is unlikely. North and south of the current comprehensive vendor quotes , 3N of lanthanum oxide , cerium oxide at about 2.3-2.5 thousand. According to the South Exchange Rates Today Show terbium oxide in 3255-3260 yuan / kg , according to local Ganzhou with a supplier to understand the current terbium oxide quoted at 3350 yuan / ton , the price and the pre-holiday after the holiday flat, smooth no significant adjustments. Europium oxide market continued signs deserted before the holiday , the transaction also temporarily active.


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Recently, there are users on the network reflects the " Gang Qingyuan Fogang high resurgence of the phenomenon of illegal exploitation of rare earth mine " issue . Provincial Office this piece by Qingyuan Municipal Office handled . Qingyuan Municipal Office attaches great importance to , and immediately commissioned jointly Fogang field to understand the situation and turn Fogang commissioned please verify . Fogang Commission attaches great importance to the establishment of a task force to the county Commission for Discipline Inspection , the Government and the High Gang Land Bureau , the Environmental Protection Agency and other relevant departments to conduct a thorough investigation of the members . According to the verification , now reply as follows :

Message handling the case :

The investigation, due to the mineral water outflow , Xiangyang Village river does exist under certain Fogang road pollution , but there is no large -scale pollution and daily use of water resources, human and animal disease and other conditions . County departments have been involved in series of governance for rivers to ensure safe production and life of the villagers . In the case of the local police went after watching users reflect villagers after the alarm was not found as a phenomenon is not relevant . For users reflect the situation villager Luo illegally stealing rare earth mine , yet there is sufficient evidence to stealing rare earth mine finds Luo illegal behavior , high Gang police are speeding up the wiring and evidence, prosecute the people involved in illegal poaching .

Violations against illegal poaching of rare earth ore , will continue to keep the pressure Fogang combat , fully mobilize the masses , mass prevention of the formation of the atmosphere , to curb illegal mining and fundamentally illegal . First, strengthen inspection efforts , the county Environmental Protection Agency water regularly monitored by the mine , once the abnormal immediately adopt effective measures to control . The second is to intensify the crackdown , the county land department in conjunction with high- Gang strengthen focus on remediation . Third, increase efforts to investigate and root out the clues , the tailings for stealing forensic facts and punish those who receive mine . Fourth, to intensify propaganda . Increase in the scope of the town propaganda, published telephone complaints, provide valuable clues to the masses once verified rewarded.


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A geological study showed that North Korea has about 216 million tons of rare earth , these minerals can be used in smart phones and high-definition TVs and other electronic products. Once confirmed , this would make the world's known reserves of rare earth more than doubling . It will be six times that of China 's rare earth reserves , it will become the market leader.

Private equity firms SRE Minerals Ltd. announced last December findings and signed a term of 25 years in the North Korean capital Pyongyang northwest of Dingzhou development contracts rare earth. This is known as the Pacific Century Rare Minerals Ltd. joint venture, is a state-owned natural resources with the Korean joint venture trading company .

East-West Center in Hawaii researcher Bruce Scott told VOA video interview that North Korea not only the amount of rare earth shake China's position in the market , but also to improve the DPRK and the two largest importer of mineral Korea and Japan relationship. If North Korea can start this project , to develop their own industries , it is likely to encourage its integration with its neighbors , and is no longer a black hole in the center of Northeast Asia . "

It has been estimated that North Korea has mineral resources worth trillions of dollars , Dingzhou project will be the first development of these rare earths. However, many problems remain to be solved.

Companies doing business with North Korea in dealing with this mysterious power, will bear great risks. The country's dilapidated infrastructure , poor roads and unstable energy supply is the challenge of this complex and expensive rare earth mining industry faces.


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