In photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, hydrogen is produced from water using sunlight and specialized semiconductors called photoelectrochemical materials, which use light energy to directly dissociate water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen is the most promising clean energy source with very high gravimetric energy density and environmental friendliness.

Nuclear fusion is one of the very few options promising to solve the currently looming energy crisis, and the materials technology plays a critical role in determining the technological realization of the fusion power source. Plasma Facing Materials (PFMs) is one of the key materials in ITER which will work in harsh conditions, including complex thermal, mechanical, and chemical loads as well as strong irradiation.

Transitional metal oxides (TMO) such as ZnO, CuO, CdO, TiO2, and NiO had been widely applied in the field of gas sensing. Tungsten trioxide (WO3) is one of the n-type semiconducting TMO materials which possess fantastic properties such as wide band gap, thermal stability and surface-active sites. The WO3 nanomaterials also studied for various applications viz photocatalysts, photoelectrode, photochromism. The WO3 with various morphologies such as cauliflower, thin film, nanosheets and nano-spherical particles have been utilized for gas sensing. Nanosized WO3 is very sensitive toward reducing and oxidizing gas such as ethanol and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2).