Sino-US trade disputes in rare case, the World Trade Organization (WTO) expert group recently identified preliminary export duties and export quotas for rare earth products to implement measures to China in violation of the established rules , said China appealed to the export control resources and the environment protection, trying to use the general Agreement on Tariffs (GATT) Article 20 of the general exception provisions on environmental protection to defend . How should the pricing of rare earth products in order to promote the healthy development of the industry in the production, processing, trade and other sectors ?

Zhang Anwen , deputy secretary general of China Society of Rare Earths introduced in the mid- 1980s , originally based in the United States , including several other countries , including the supply of rare earth resources as the main pattern of the country , and gradually become the main supply to China . China accounts for 23 percent of the world's rare earth reserves to meet the global demand for more than 90% , the highest was 97% .

This change in the pattern of supply of inexpensive Chinese products with no doubt about . But Zhang Anwen view, behind the " poor quality " is the Chinese art of mining, dressing , smelting , separation technology, "cheap" embodies the disorder due to the production and export led sales price below cost the basic cost of environmental protection and ecological resources required to assume it is impossible to cover .

Each producing one ton of rare earth will also produce hundreds of tons of waste, causing serious pollution of water and soil . U.S. Environmental Protection Agency said the rare earths in the process can lead to contamination of surface water and groundwater heavy metals and radionuclides , and for the immersion of rare earth mining concentrated acid will cause the soil near no longer suitable for farming. " In other countries , mineral mining, the high cost required for the rule of environmental pollution makes some items discontinued, so that these countries by the rare earth exporter to importer . American Mountain Pass mine , Weld mine in Australia are rich reserves of rare earth minerals, nearly two years before resuming mining. Russia, India, over the years have greatly reduced the amount mined . " Zhang Anwen said.

Many industry insiders believe that the price of domestic rare earth highly irregular , resource tax, resulting in sewage charges are not included in the cost of rare earth market price does not reflect its strategic importance .

Obviously , the case refused to appeal to environmental pollution caused by China's rare earth production pay . A professor of international economics at Princeton University believes that the export product has nothing to do with environmental pollution , polluting rare earth production process , rather than exports. China's rare earth export control whether we can reduce its domestic rare earth mine production scale is uncertain because China itself is also the consumer of rare earth products.

It is understood that China's export volume of rare earth products and domestic consumption ratio is about 1:4. "In accordance with the principle of who the consumer who foot the bill , protecting natural resources and the environment of rare earth products should be consumed by the body - to be responsible for the domestic market . "My Fellow Li Qing said rare earth colored nets .

Many industry insiders believe that currently China 's most should do is to limit the production and consumption of domestic rare earth , making it consistent with the export standards abroad , so as to enable resources to be truly protected , while avoiding trade friction.

Widely anticipated rare earth " group of six " is considered a good start regulate the rare earth market . Li Qing reminder: " After the establishment of a large group , more important things is to establish a scientific rare earth pricing mechanism. " In Li Qing seems reasonable price should reflect both the strategic position of rare earth resources , and consistent with international trade rules.


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Recently, as a standardized discharge behavior of rare earth production enterprises , the ministry issued " rare earth smelting industry pollution prevention feasible Technical Guide " ( hereinafter referred to as the "Guidelines " ) , and public comment.

Rapid growth in production of rare earth products bring economic benefits , but also poses a serious environmental pollution . Investment Advisor in the metallurgical industry researcher Weiqi Ning In an interview with China Economic Herald reporter said, " If the rare earth mining improperly, may cause damage to vegetation , soil erosion and other ecological problems , refining and processing will result in improper air pollution , water pollution, solid waste pollution , adverse impact on the local residents . Pollution processing capacity is obviously insufficient domestic rare earth enterprises , waste-water treatment chaos row, everywhere piled common occurrences , especially SMEs rare earth pollution shelved, serious damage to the local environment. "

Experts believe that to solve the problem of pollution to the environment of rare earth products , the government should learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries , in strict accordance with relevant laws , act within the law .

At present, many of our extensive development

" Guide " preparation instructions , in recent years , with the rapid economic growth, China's rare earth smelting industry has entered a stage of rapid development . Our existing businesses up to hundreds of rare earth smelting of rare earth minerals production from 73,000 tons in 2000 , increased to 129,400 tons in 2009 , nearly doubled , about 95 % of the world . At present, China has become the world 's largest rare earth producer.

The presence of ammonia wastewater , rare earth fluoride wastewater emissions during production . At the same time , will produce fluorine and sulfur oxide emissions. The " Guide " preparation instructions , said: " In all kinds of rare earth metals and alloys calculated annual 30,000 tons , 1,200 tons of rare earth fluoride electrolysis gas emissions each year , some companies still exist problems can not be discharged directly or simple treatment discharge standards . "

In addition, the problem of secondary pollution emissions and radioactive waste can not be ignored . " Guide " prepared notes , wrote: " Some enterprises in Baotou permanent radiation into the flooding slag slag library stockpiling , some companies will waste water directly into Steel dam, flooding some companies to slag water into the gutters and drain into the ground to the Yellow River. Gansu Rare Earth along with the flooding of wastewater discharged into the slag and tailings dam owned , some companies put any radioactive waste storage, without any protective measures for surface water bodies and the surrounding environment , resulting in different levels of radioactive contamination. "

Deputy secretary general of China Rare Earth Society Chen Zhanheng in an interview with China Economic Herald reporter, said , " For the development of rare earth in the management of major damage to the environment . Many rare earth resources are concentrated in older, less edge, poor and western regions , where people who want to get rich , and I want to seek a better life , they want to pass the resources to change their lives . However, due to their geological data , geological conditions in the case was not yet complete blind development , the structure of the entire ore body is not enough to understand , so a is one of the most primitive, the largest of the extensive environmental damage development . "

RE levy environmental taxes, local governance to ease cost pressures

For the rare earth development environment face such serious problems, develop and implement a variety of measures, is particularly important.

In this regard, the Institute think tank CCID He Rong Liang proposed financial experts , first of all, should be established corporate environmental certification standards system. Learning from the EU "green barriers" Chinese enterprises have been repeatedly rebuffed policy , the proposed provisions of China's rare earth production enterprises , the establishment of environmental remediation , mining , manufacturing and other internal control systems environment .

Secondly , the introduction of rare earth environmental taxes, local governance to ease cost pressures . Accelerating the introduction of environmental taxes , as suggested by the central and local share according to a fixed proportion , and highlight environmental governance responsibility of local government. In addition, rare earth pollution arranged by the central government special funds for environmental governance , according to the scale of producing rare earth mining and smelting , investment demand for pollution control , governance and progress , fund allocation. "Environmental protection departments to tighten the traditional industry is the trend of environmental policy , industry standards will help alleviate pollution problems , industry concentration is low , extensive development , pollution and other issues will gradually be governed. When the mining process standards should smelting process , transportation , refining and other aspects of the sales process , the technical parameters required standards of strict , detailed oriented , in order to implement the smooth progress. "Weiqi Ning said in an interview with China Economic Herald reporter .

Tighter environmental standards for the healthy development of the industry , sustainable development of great significance , and the enterprises will also be a huge impact , Weiqi Ning believes that " SMEs because of environmental equipment, environmental technology is not up to suffer punishment , forced to withdraw from the inevitable , while large leading enterprises in the rare earth industry 's influence will gradually improve , industry concentration will also enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises will be greatly enhanced. "

Learn from foreign experience in governance according to law

" Guide " is being prepared to fully draw on the successful experience of developed countries, pollution prevention management system , combined with the actual situation of China's rare earth industry , China's rare earth smelting industry for pollution prevention guiding role . As long as the strict implementation of the " Guide " , will ensure that the rare earth producers emissions standards and clean production standards.

In this regard,Chen Zhanheng In an interview with China Economic Herald reporter interviewed stressed that "we should learn from the experience was the most according to the law . Government regulatory agencies as the law should be strictly in accordance with law enforcement , the real responsibility . "

" overall foreign policy of the rare earth industry to ' harsh ' known, mining scale , the scale has already made ​​great use restrictions , they will be sealed up the domestic rare earth resources to meet the needs of its domestic industry by importing large quantities of cheap rare earths. And on the rare earth corporate environmental capacity requirements are very high , very clear on the details , huge punishment to force companies not illegal operations, so that the rare earth industry to stable development of China's rare earth industry at the time of the issue of governance can learn from its ' torture Junfa 'concept . "Weiqi Ning said in an interview with China Economic Herald reporters.


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Recently, the United States, Europe , Japan and China for rare earths trade lawsuit against China 's preliminary ruling . Although China recently as the respondent , submitted an appeal to the WTO Appellate Body documents , but most industry insiders expect less likely to win the case .

However , the industry view , the failure of international litigation RE may not be entirely bad news , or the rare earth industry Forced detonated accelerate our market deregulation . In fact , in order to promote domestic consumption of rare earth , local governments have begun to actively promote the construction of rare earth products exchange platform. January 4, 2014 , the first specialized in electronic trading center spot of rare earth products - Southern Rare Earth Products Exchange Trading Center officially opened in Guangdong Pingyuan operations, the platform is open to anyone, investor funds escrow agreement signed by the bank , client can directly access and participate in trading of rare earth products by customers ; 2 months later, the Baotou Rare Earth products Exchange also opened to run.

Analysts said that with the operational center of the north-south trade of rare earth products , rare earth products is expected to detonate business transactions . After a continuous decline in the fourth quarter of 2013 , rare earth prices are close to the bottom in mid -2013 levels . Rare Shouchu Ministry is expected to further promote the stack processing of rare earth industry consolidation , the future is expected to steady rising rare earth prices , the investment value of rare earth products will emerge .


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Recently, Shangrao City, Inspection and Quarantine inspection of a company 's Wuyuan batch of imported tea ( Ceylon ) implementation of on-site inspection and quarantine , after sampling inspection , showing the total rare earth oxides consignment of 2.16ppm, exceeding the national 2.0ppm standard limits. Shangrao City Inspection and Quarantine Bureau immediately be archived on the goods and issue a " notice of inspection and quarantine treatment ", requiring companies to make returned. City Inspection and Quarantine reminder: To strengthen the detection of imported tea health and safety programs , safety and health program to prevent unqualified products into the Chinese market .


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