Tungsten multiple layer multileaf collimator for shaping radiation beam. The collimator comprises first and second layers of a plurality of elongated radiation blocking tungsten alloy leaves. The leaves of each layer are arranged adjacent one another so as to form two opposed rows of adjacently positioned tungsten alloy leaves and are movable in a longitudinal direction which is generally traverse to the direction of the beam so as to define a radiation beam shaping field between the opposed ends of tungsten alloy leaves. The layers are arranged one above another in the beam direction and offset in a lateral direction generally transverse to the beam direction and orthogonal to the longitudinal direction so that spaces between adjacent tungsten alloy leaves of the first and second layers are positioned over and under, respectively, tungsten alloy leaves of the second and first layers, respectively.

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Master tungsten carbide cutting tools chipping reasons is helpful to take appropriate measures to address chipping problems of tungsten carbide cutting tools, tungsten carbide cutting tools chipping reasons reflect in five aspects.

1. Poor choice of tungsten carbide cutting tools grade, specification.
2. The geometry of the inappropriate choice of tungsten carbide cutting tools (such as front and rear angle is too large, etc.).
3. Incorrect welding process of tungsten carbide cutting tools, resulting in excessive stress welding or welding cracks.

4. Unreasonable selection of tungsten carbide cutting tools. Such as excessive, machine tools boring car; intermittent cutting, high cutting speed; when blank margin uneven, the depth of cut is too small
5.Insufficient coolant flow or incorrect filling method which results in tungsten carbide cutting tools damage.

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Tungsten carbide cutting tools inherited high hardness, brittleness, thermal conductivity and other characteristics of tungsten carbide materials, making tungsten carbide cutting tools grinding have great difficulty. Tungsten carbide cutting tools grinding features can be concluded in two aspects.

First, tungsten carbide cutting tools grinding features reflects in that tungsten carbide cutting tools grinding process requires a better self-grind resistance and good cooling, so as to reduce the production of grinding cracks.

Second, tungsten carbide cutting tools grinding features reflects in that diamond grinding wheels are widely used in tungsten carbide cutting tools grinding due to high grinding efficiency, small grinding force, easy to passivation and lower local temperature grinding surface contact area ( generally at 400 ℃ for around), etc.. But in the diamond grinding wheel process of tungsten carbide cutting tools, due to large grinding allowance, processing methods, diamond tools and grinding systems feature if choose unproperly, will result in instantaneous temperature of tool grinding surface is too high , resulting in grinding cracks.

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Master effective tungsten carbide cutting tools chipping countermeasures is helpful to prevent chipping problems of tungsten carbide cutting tools, tungsten carbide cutting tools chipping countermeasures mainly in the following areas:
1. Increase the blade thickness of tungsten carbide cutting tools, select grades with high bending strength and high toughness.
2. Use a larger negative blade angle of tungsten carbide cutting tools in order to avoid geometric parameters.
3. Avoid using enclosed on three sides blade slot structure, as mechanical reinforcement structure.

The transition for carbide tool wear should be timely tool change or replace the cutting edge.
4. Increase the flow of cutting fluid, rational layout location of the cutting fluid nozzles, using effective cooling methods such as spray cooling, avoid cutting fluid flow is insufficient or incorrect filling method, resulting in tungsten carbide cutting tools damage.
5 Reduce the overhang of tungsten carbide cutting tools.
 

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The shape of tungsten carbide mushroom button is like a mushroom, it is also called cemented carbide mushroom button.  Because of its high wear resistance, high bending strength and high hardness, tungsten carbide mushroom button is ideally suited for wear parts, other machine parts and dies which are subject to severe service conditions, such as high temperatures, corrosion and abrasion.

A variety of models and sizes of tungsten carbide mushroom buttons:

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Tungsten carbide spoon button is the shape like spoon. It is also called cemented carbide spoon button. It has many advantages like good wearing resistance, high abrasion resistance, high corrosion resistance, high tenacity, high temperature resistance, high hardness and high density. Tungsten carbide spoon button made ​​for roller cone bit, the way to cutting the broken rock, suitable for high speed drilling of soft rock.

A variety of models and sizes of tungsten carbide spoon buttons

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There are three main groups of rock drilling methods: percussive, rotary crushing and cutting rock drilling. In percussive and rotary crushing rock drilling the bit buttons are working as rock crushing tools as opposed to cutting rock drilling, where the tungsten carbide button work rather as cutting elements. A rock drill bit generally consists of a body of steel which is provided with a number of inserts comprising tungsten carbide. Many different types of such rock bits exist having different shapes of the body of steel and of tungsten carbide button as well as different numbers and grades of the inserts.

For percussive and rotary crushing rock drilling, tungsten carbide button inserts often have a rounded shape, generally of a cylinder with a rounded top surface, generally referred to as a button.

For cutting rock drilling, tungsten carbide button inserts often are provided with an edge acting as a cutter.



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When using one or more discrete bodies of polycrystalline diamond it was surprisingly found that the cracking and chipping tendency of tungsten carbide button considerably decreased. At the same time the wear resistance of the buttons was surprisingly high.

The explanation for these effects, the increase of the resistance against cracking and chipping and against wearing, might be a favourable stress pattern caused by the difference between the thermal expansion of the diamond body and the tungsten carbide body, giving the diamond a high and uniform compressive prestress.

A further improvement of the behavior of tungsten carbide buttons was revealed when using a tungsten carbide body having a multi-structure according to U.S. Pat. No. 4,743,515, it was surprisingly found that the cracking tendency of the tungsten carbide in the bottom of the bodies of polycrystalline diamond considerably decreased compared to the corresponding geometry and composition without the multi-structure carbide. Also the wear resistance of tungsten carbide buttons was improved at the same time.



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Shank Sizes

The shank of tungsten carbide burs refer to the end of the bur that contacts with rotary tool. The popular shank sizes in markets including, 1.6mm, 2.35mm, 3mm and 6mm.

Shapes

The different shaped tungsten carbide burs could fit into different nook and cranny to generate distinctive profiles. Generally the burs shapes to be chose largely depend on the the profiles are aimed.

Speed

In terms of tungsten carbide burs’ rotary tools speed selection, the attention should be paid to the materials to be operated on and the forms being made. The recommended speed is within 35,000rpm. If the speed is too slow, the burs are easily to be fractured, whereas it is better to set up with slow speed and increasing the speed as the process going on. For the high speeds it could make effort in preventing clogging in the flutes.
 

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Tungsten carbide bursare used to deal with cutting, shaping, grinding and removing the sharp edges, burs and excess material in practices and end mills for metalworking as well as for holes of all sorts. There are several facts related to its geometry and characteristics can be addressed.

Material to Be Machined

As tungsten carbide tools maintain a sharp cutting edge better than others, the tungsten carbide burs could be dealt with  most hard materials: metals including steel, aluminum and cast iron, stone, ceramic, porcelain, hard wood, acrylics, fibreglass and reinforced plastics.

Single Cut and Double Cut


Tungsten carbide burs usually comprises single cut and double cut. Since single cut tungsten carbide burr has a up cut spiral flute, which could get rid of material quickly with a smooth finish, it is an ideal solution for steel, copper,cast iron and ferrous metals.


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