F-doped Cesium Tungsten Bronze Applied for Thermal Insulation Paper

F-doped cesium tungsten bronze may be applied for manufacturing a thermal insulation paper, that is, a transparent heat insulating film. But do you know what the change in morphology of F doping cesium tungsten bronze crystals with the increase of HF added is? We can analyze from the following figure - SEM images of F-doped cesium tungsten bronze with different HF addition amount. Wherein, (a), (b), (c), and (d) are undoped CsxWO3, CsxWO3 sample of F=0.11, CsxWO3 sample of F=0.45, and CsxWO3 sample of F=0.79, respectively.

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From the above SEM images, we can observe that the morphology of F doping cesium tungsten bronze crystals changes with the increase of HF addition. For undoped CsxWO3 samples, there are only a few agglomerated nanoparticles. When HF was added to the precursor solution, most of the crystal morphology of the CsxWO3 samples with F=0.11 was irregular nanoparticles, but some rod-like crystals appeared. However, in CsxWO3 samples with F=0.45 and F=0.79, a large number of rod crystals were found.

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