Australian scientists have developed the use of rare earth element ytterbium highly accurate atomic clocks

Associate Professor, University of Western Australia , John - Mike Firenzuola led research team is a race against time , the development of world- leading level of accuracy of atomic clocks. They will be used in an experimental atomic clocks to measure a fundamental constants of the universe. Firenzuola Mike , who developed the atomic clock uses ytterbium atoms in manufacturing rare earth elements . He said: "Rather than watch them as I prefer to treat them as human beings ultimate precision machines. "

With different microwave atomic standard , the atomic clock at higher ytterbium light running frequency , time is divided into parts of about 100 000 to obtain a higher accuracy. Firenzuola Mike said: " In order to manufacture atomic clocks that we need to use a laser , an optical device, electronic device , stainless steel and ultra-high vacuum system for the isolation and ytterbium atoms. Almost every laser system can make people write a doctoral or master's thesis. "

The laser system is responsible for cooling and slowing the speed of ytterbium atoms , while in the field will be captured with them to a grid. The grid , they would have been with a particular frequency ultra high purity stable yellow laser bombardment . Laser atomic electron bombardment has led to a higher energy state . Firenzuola Mike said: "This yellow laser closest to a pure sine wave. Imagine the clarity of the notes you hear amplified 10 billion times , this is a pure sine wave needs to be done . "

Associate Professor, University of Western Australia , John - Mike Firenzuola . Firenzuola Mike led the research team is a race against time , the development of world- leading level of accuracy of atomic clocks. They will be used in an experimental atomic clocks to measure a fundamental constants of the universe. Mike , who Firenzuola atomic clock uses ytterbium atoms in the manufacture of rare earth elements .

Once complete, it will be Australia's only cold atom optical clocks , but also the international space atomic clock atomic clocks combined system only from the southern hemisphere . Space Atomic Clock combined system will be launched in 2016 into the International Space Station , to help determine whether the fine structure constant in physics remain the same in any area . Fine structure constant is used to represent the nucleus bound to bound electromagnetic force electrons. 3 years, after the atomic clock frequency than the comparison can be used to assess whether changes in the fine structure constant .

Firenzuola Mike said: "The astronomical observations showed that the fine structure constant changes occurring in the universe billions of years Transition . Fine structure constant may differ in different directions. Scientists develop atomic role is to look at whether to detect this change. " In addition to verifying the laws of physics and other research purposes , but can also be used to define the atomic clock time . Firenzuola Mike said: "We set up the current time in seconds between the energy levels of cesium -based transition of 9,192,631,770 cycles per second . " Development of scientists around the world ytterbium , aluminum , mercury, and strontium atomic clock, the atomic clock to determine which combination is most suitable for a standard definition of seconds in the future .


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