Tungsten titanium alloy prepared by plasma sintering as a sputtering target for copper wiring diffusion barrier layer has many requirements in structure and properties. A large number of experimental results show that the grain size and Ti-rich phase content of WTi alloy structure are the main factors affecting the performance of the barrier layer.

Tungsten alloys are alloys based on tungsten and composed of other elements. Among the known metals, tungsten has the highest melting point, good high temperature strength, creep resistance, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and emission properties. Tungsten has a larger proportion than ordinary metals. In addition to a large number of cemented carbides and alloying additives, tungsten and its alloys are widely used in the electronics and light source industries, as well as in the aerospace, foundry, weapons and other departments to produce rocket nozzles, die-casting dies, armour-piercing core, contacts, heaters and heat shields.

Tungsten plays an important role in high temperature materials and functional materials. Widely used in the electronics and light source industry, in the aerospace, foundry, weapons and other departments for the production of rocket nozzles, die-casting molds, armour-piercing core, contacts, heaters and heat shields.

Gadolinium tungstate is an important inorganic nanocluster. Its English name is Gadolinium Tungsteate and its chemical formula is Gd2O12W3. It is composed of transition metal tungsten and rare earth element gadolinium connected with oxygen-containing groups. It has unique molecular structure, unique fluorescence properties, excellent water solubility and ultra-small molecular size. It is widely used in biomedicine, analysis, optics and catalysis. At present, the most potential applications are known to be radiotherapy or photothermal therapy for cancer.