Due to the continuous consumption of fossil fuels and the increasingly prominent environmental problems, the search for clean and sustainable use of new energy has become an increasingly important topic. Among many new energy sources, hydrogen energy has become a research hotspot due to its high energy density, clean (water products) and sustainable utilization.

With the introduction of the concept of green chemistry, the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection and the emphasis on environmental protection, these inorganic acid catalysts are gradually being eliminated. Heteropoly acid and its salts catalysts are a new type of solid acid catalysts developed in recent years. Heteropoly acid is a kind of oxygen-containing polyacid formed by the bridging coordination of heteroatoms (such as P, Si, Fe, Co, etc.) and polyatoms (such as Mo, W, V) through oxygen atoms, such as phosphomolybdenum tungsten, phosphomolybdenum vanadium, silicotungstic acid and silicomolybdic acid.

Tungsten carbide has a catalytic activity similar to platinum. It has stable physical and chemical properties and low cost. With people's attention to clean energy, the application of tungsten carbide in catalytic fields, such as direct methanol fuel cell, catalytic hydrogen evolution, supercapacitor and catalytic desulfurization, has attracted extensive attention of scientists. For example, tungsten carbide as a catalyst can partly replace or to some extent save precious metals such as platinum and palladium, and its application prospect is broad.

With the development of social economy, there are many applications requiring smart frame circuit breakers to have higher electrical life. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a kind of material with strong resistance to arc erosion as static contacts, which can be used in pairs with AgW50 dynamic contacts, so as to greatly improve the electrical life of intelligent frame circuit breakers and meet the requirements of various applications.