MIIT a quarter of non-ferrous metal production of 8.1 million tons,up by 9.3%.

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Intelligent integrated optimization control applied to the non-ferrous metal production.

Gold plating on the wheel rims of your tires can add a certain element of class and sophistication to your car's aesthetic. However, if rust begins to form on those gold-plated rims, the visual effect is ruined. The rust can be dealt with at home though, and with a few key household ingredients, your rims will be sparkling again soon.

1.Wipe the bucket out with a paper towel, to ensure that it is clean and free of any debris.

2.Measure 2 cups of warm water into your bucket.

3.Measure out a cup of lemon juice and add it to the bucket of water.

4.Measure a cup of white vinegar and add it to the lemon and water mixture in the bucket.

5.Dip the clean rag into the mixture and use the moistened rag to wash the rust stains from the affected areas of the tire rims. Make sure to clean thoroughly, paying special attention to any intricate detail work in the tire rims.

6.Rinse the tire rims with clean, cool water.

7.Repeat the process if necessary to remove stubborn rust stains.

8.Dry the rims with clean paper towels.

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Dirt and oil can build up on gold and gold plate, so periodic cleaning is recommended. Though gold plate can be cleaned with a commercial jewelry cleaner or by a professional jeweler, it's easy to do the job with a few simple supplies at home.

Cleaning at Home
Cleaning gold plate at home requires a non-abrasive cleaner such as toothpaste or baking soda, a toothbrush and WD-40. The toothbrush is used to apply the toothpaste or baking soda to the gold plate. Scrubbing removes the dirt. A good rinsing with water and more scrubbing with the toothbrush removes the residue.

Tarnish
If any tarnish is present on the gold plate, it is usually because the plating is worn and the metal underneath is tarnishing, according to Finishing.com. Spraying WD-40 on the tarnish, letting it soak for a few minutes, then rubbing the tarnish off and rinsing with water, should work.

Polishing
A final shine with a soft, dry cloth polishes the gold plate and removes any remaining dirt and water. If the gold plate is damaged or wearing thin, replating by a plating shop is suggested.

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Gold is a naturally inert metal that will not tarnish. However, very few chandeliers are made of pure gold. Most chandeliers are gold-plated with a gold alloy. Gold-plated objects must be cleaned very carefully due to the gold's tendency to scratch.

1.Place your soft cloth in the bucket and fill the bucket with warm water and three to five drops of a mild, nonphosphate dish soap such as Ivory, Dawn or Simple Green.

2.Spread a drop cloth on the ground under the chandelier to catch the dripping water.

3.Verify that the chandelier is turned off and begin gently washing the gold-plated pieces.

4.Rub stubborn stains or smudges with the water mixture and a soft toothbrush.

5.Leave the chandelier to dry for one hour. Polish the various pieces with a jewelry polishing cloth.

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Gold plating happens through an electrical current or circuit created by placing both the object to be plated and the gold to cover it in a chemical bath and then turning on a current of electricity that runs through the mixture. The chemical solution usually comprises metal salts and ions that can carry electrical currents. All items to be plated must be thoroughly cleaned and dried before the plating process begins. The rack method requires the pieces being gold plated to be hung from a rack and then dropped into the chemical bath. The metal is charged negatively and attracts the gold metal ions to its surface, depositing the metal across the piece. This process is repeated for each layer of metal added before the gold is plated.

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Gold plating is used in the electronics industry on printed circuit boards and connectors. The gold in this type of application is used to create a corrosion barrier over copper components. Plating methods, until electronics came along, were created mainly for decorative purposes. Electronics plating has caused gold plating processes to develop further due to electronic requirements. The process involves plating a metal barrier, usually nickel, on the copper components and then plating the gold on top of the nickel. Once completed, the gold plated components are corrosion resistant and conductive.

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Each type of industry using electronics plating has developed its own gold plating bath recipes. Most desire to minimize the amount of gold used, for obvious reasons, but still retain the best thickness of the plate to prevent corrosion. They are also concerned with minimizing the amount of bath solution while making it as pure as possible, and making the process occur quickly. Electronics plating, also called industrial plating, is broken down into four categories or types of gold used. They are soft and pure gold used on semiconductors, hard and bright gold used for contact points and connectors, hard and bright gold used on printed-circuit tabs and soft and pure gold used in chip-on-board products, which involves plating the whole circuit board.

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The process of depositing a thin layer of gold over another metal for added beauty and durability has been used commercially since the late 1800s. Besides the glamor of having gold detailing or the appearance of solid gold on a piece, gold is plated for industrial purposes and is important for use in circuit boards. There are two main electroplating methods, tank and brush. Both involve use of electric current, electrodes (anode and cathode) and an electrolyte solution or preparation containing gold.

Cleaners
The object or areas to be plated have to be absolutely clean for plating to occur properly. In order to remove both organic and inorganic materials as well as grit and soil, a combination of different treatments are used, including acid cleaners, alkaline cleaners, abrasives and solvents.

Pretreaters
Depending on the type of metal to be plated, treatment may be needed to deposit an intermediate plating metal or smooth the surface layer for gold deposition. For instance, in plating gold onto a copper alloy, nickel is plated first, then gold. Sometimes other finishes, such as chrome, need to be removed with a chemical stripping agent.

Electrolyte Solutions
In order to get an electrolyte, the metal has to be in a state where it can disassociate and form ions. Gold is a stable metal and it takes harsh chemicals to accomplish this. Usually gold is complexed with cyanide, called cyanaurate, although techniques using sulfites and thiosulfites exist. There are many proprietary formulae for these solutions. In tank electroplating, cyanaurate is dissolved in an acidic bath that receives the electrodes. In brush electroplating, an applicator with a stainless steel core puts on the cyanaurate as a gel. Electric current passes from the steel applicator to the metal object being plated as the gel goes on.

Acids
The pH of the electroplating solutions for tank electroplating have to be adjusted to prevent formation of hydrogen cyanide, a lethal gas, at pH values above eight. However, below pH three, cyanaurate precipitates out of solution. Both inorganic and organic acids have been used to adjust pH in the workable range, including phosphoric acid, sulphuric acid and citric acid.

Other Additives
Brighteners are metal salts of transitional metals like cobalt, nickel and iron. They give improved wear resistance and brighter colors to the gold deposit. Some organic compounds are added to improve the density of the gold plating. Some of these organic additives are polyethyleneimine, pyridine sulphonic acid, quinoline sulphonic acid, picoline sulphonic acid and substituted pyridine compounds. Buffering agents such as a citrate/oxalate buffer can be added to help keep pH in the proper range. Wetting agents may be added as well.

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