The nationalist government's attempts and success in monopolizing tungsten ore.

The Nationalist government first contemplated a monopoly on tungsten ore in 1930,since it was extremely important as a rare material for military-related industries and the free tungsten market was in total chaos at the time. However,its initial efforts failed due to resistance and hindrance on the part of local forces. In 1933,China and Germany joined hands in a barter trade arising out of their mutual needs. The Nationalists took tungsten as a key material in exchange for military-related industrial equipment from Germany in preparation for a war against Japanese aggression. The state monopoly over tungsten ore soon gained a special position. It was established before the war,through tough negotiations with provincial governments in Guangdong and other provinces. The monopoly was more significant in political than in economic terms. It played an important role in preparation and actual support for the war against Japanese aggression,and in integration of the central and local governments.

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