Site Occupation in Gadolinium-Doped Calcium Tungstate

The electron spin resonance spectrum of the S-state ion Gd3+ in a calcium tungstate host lattice has been examined at 37.5 GHz over the temperature range 290 K to 4.2 K. Low concentration Czochralski-grown single crystals having gadolinium concentrations of about 100 ppm were used to ensure substitution by Gd3+ in calcium sites; the crystals were vacancy compensated. Although the general features of the 290 K spectrum agreed well with that reported previously by Hempstead and Bowers, extra lines were observed very close to the main ΔM=1 transitions. Examination in theφ-plane showed that the extra lines were most pronounced nearφ=55° and that their intensites relative to those of the main transitions increased as the temperature was reduced. The extra lines are explained in terms of the ordering of oxygen vacancies.

 

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