In the microelectronics industry, chips are developing towards high integration, high frequency and ultra I/O terminals. It is urgent to increase the packaging density. The three-dimensional wiring technology of large-scale integrated circuits arises at the historic moment. Tungsten is widely used in gate materials and wiring materials in integrated circuits with good electrical conductivity, escape work, close to silicon, and excellent thermal stability, and good bonding with silicon.

The thorium tungsten electrode is the earliest rare earth tungsten electrode, and it is also the best tungsten electrode with the best welding performance so far. The existing methods for making tungsten strip are: tungsten powder, pressing, presintering and two vertical melt tungsten strips. However, this old technology is only suitable for the manufacture of small size bars. In the process of sintering and sintering of large size thorium tungsten bars, it is easy to cause the problem of the central sporadic large crystals of thorium and tungsten bars and the hidden danger of ThO₂ high temperature burning. It is difficult to ensure the uniform distribution of the weight of ThO₂ particles in the tungsten base.

Calcium is one of the harmful elements in tungsten products and must be strictly controlled. The calcium content of tungsten products is generally very low, which is 0.000x% grade. The atomic absorption spectrometry (plane grating spectrography) is used to determine the tungsten content, and the upper limit is 0.020%.

In addition to the addition of rare earth elements, the physical and chemical properties of tungsten powder itself are also very important. The particle size of tungsten powder is micrometer. Because of the large size of the tungsten powder, the powder is small, the distribution of active components in the powder is uneven, the surface active layer is thinner, the active material has a poor migration and diffusion at high temperature, which leads to the tungsten. Electrode zero field emission current density is low, high temperature resistance is low, thermal reflection performance is poor, tungsten electrode burning rate is difficult to adapt to the requirements of modern finishing.

Tungsten oxide is a very important intermediate product in tungsten industry. In recent years, blue tungsten oxide has gradually replaced yellow tungsten oxide because of its advantages of easy doping and better physical and chemical properties.

The tungsten concentrate is decomposed by alkali and the sodium tungstate solution is obtained. Ammonium tungstate solution is produced by ion exchange. The ammonium tungstate solution is evaporated and condensed to get APT.

In the process of the production of ammonium para Tungstate by ion exchange, there will be a large amount of waste water, including four kinds of waste water, washing water, ammonia washing water, and crystal mother liquor. The wastewater mainly contains tungsten, alkali, chloride ion, ammonia nitrogen, COD, a small amount of arsenic, fluoride ion and other elements. Because of the complex composition of the wastewater, the traditional wastewater treatment methods can not simultaneously achieve multiple components at the same time, so the treatment effect is not good, it also needs to spend a lot of cost to ensure the environmental emission indicators.

Tungsten and cobalt are important additives in hard alloys. With the rapid development of hard alloys in China, the contradiction between tungsten and cobalt resources and the increasing demand is becoming more and more obvious. The recycling of tungsten and cobalt resources has been paid more and more attention. At present, most of the recovery of tungsten and cobalt from the waste hard alloy is made by electrolysis. The source of raw materials is limited and the price is high. The economic benefit of tungsten carbide is limited by purchasing tungsten carbide.

Graphene is a new carbon material with carbon atoms tightly packed into a single layer two-dimensional honeycomb lattice structure. It is the basic unit for the construction of the most commonly used solid lubricant - graphite. It has a lower friction coefficient than graphite. It is a new type of self lubricating coating additive.

Ammonium tungstate solution is an important intermediate material in the process of preparing APT from tungsten smelting industry. At present, the methods of preparing ammonium tungstate solution used in industry mainly include soda pressing, soda sintering, acid decomposition, ammonium salt decomposition and tungsten ore roasting ammonia leaching.