Tungsten carbide is a common term used when discussing jewelry. However, tungsten carbide is used in a wide range of manufacturing processes. In many cases, tungsten carbide contains cobalt. Cobalt contains nickel and chromium. These chemicals can increases the chances of severe asthma and "hard metal lung" disease.
The average employee working with tungsten carbide does not have access to the testing equipment necessary to test for cobalt. However, thanks to government regulations, there is one way you can determine of the tungsten carbide you work with has cobalt in it.

Instructions

1
Locate the packaging for all tools that use hardened metal tips such as end-mills, drill bits, cutters and saw blades.

2
Read the labels on the packaging. If the packaging indicates the tips of these tools are hardened carbide, they have cobalt mixed in with the alloy. As you use these tools, they wear down and create dust contaminated with cobalt.

3
Locate the packaging for any tungsten carbide raw materials. All raw materials have a "material safety data sheet." The MSDS must indicate all of the ingredients used in the manufacturer of the raw materials. If the carbide has cobalt in it, it is listed on the MSDS.

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Tungsten is an industrial metal traditionally used to make equipment for the aerospace and military industries. More recently, tungsten has been used to make rings. Tungsten rings are becoming more popular, especially for men's wedding rings, because of the metal's durability, sleek look and affordability.

One drawback to tungsten rings is that they cannot be resized. If you are interested in a tungsten ring, accurately measure your ring size before going through with the purchase. If your ring size does change, purchasing another tungsten ring will not cost you too much since the metal is more affordable than gold.

Resizing
Tungsten is as strong as steel and about twice its weight. A tungsten ring's durability makes it a good choice for people who work with their hands or are just clumsy. However, tungsten's hardness prevents it from being resized. Due to its very high melting points, tungsten rings cannot be cut and melted back together like a gold ring.

Sizes
Tungsten rings come in the same sizes as gold and silver rings. Women's rings range from sizes 3 to 9. Men's rings range from sizes 8 to 14. While tungsten rings come in the same sizes as rings made from traditional metals, this does not mean that a tungsten ring fits the same way. Most tungsten rings are made in comfort-fit design, where the inside of the ring is curved to provide a more comfortable feel. Since less metal touches the skin in a comfort-fit design, a men's size 10 tungsten ring may feel larger than a size 10 gold ring made in a straight-fit design. Some jewelers recommend ordering a tungsten ring a half size smaller than your gold ring size if the gold ring is a straight-fit design.

Measuring
Since tungsten rings cannot be resized, accurately measuring your ring size is important to avoid another purchase. A ring should be tight enough that it does not slip off the finger by itself but loose enough that it comes off with a pull. If you do not know what your ring size is, any jeweler can measure your finger for a tungsten ring. Since most tungsten rings are made with a comfort-fit design, which feels larger than straight-fit design rings, it is important that you are measured specifically for a tungsten ring. A person's ring size may actually differ a bit depending on the time of day and weather. Fingers are smaller in the early morning when it is cold and expand as it gets warmer. Measuring your ring size several times a day and averaging them is one way to get the most accurate ring size.

Purchase
If you purchased a tungsten ring in the wrong size, some jewelers have an exchange policy that allows you to exchange your ring for a different size within a certain time frame without any fees. Sometimes, weight gain or loss means that you need to purchase another ring several months or years after the initial purchase. Luckily, tungsten is more affordable than gold and platinum rings, allowing consumers to more easily replace their tungsten rings.

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Tungsten carbide is a synthetic compound created by placing a tungsten-based substance with a carbon-based organic compound such as methane or methanol. When done under the proper conditions, the result of this chemical reaction is a fine black powder, known as tungsten carbide, a remarkable end-product that has many industrial and aesthetic uses.

Tungsten
Expressed by the symbol "W," tungsten is a metallic element that is not found free in nature, but occurs in mineral ores such as wolframite or scheelite. When isolated to its pure form, tungsten has many desirable properties, such as a high tensile strength, low non-toxicity and a high melting point. As a result, tungsten is used as an metal alloy in manufacturing steel and other metal alloys. It is also a major ingredient in tungsten carbide.

Carbon
Carbon is the other raw material of tungsten carbide. This common element is a major part of the biological world, where it forms many substances commonly found in both plants and animals. In the creation of tungsten carbide, methane or methanol often provides the source of carbon. In general, carbon is one of the most common elements, and in its metallic forms can also be the most versatile. This property reveals itself quite clearly when comparing two carbon minerals: graphite and diamonds.

Chemical Formulas
Tungsten carbide has two chemical formulas, WC and W2C. In the first example, tungsten and carbon combine in equal proportions to form tungsten carbide, sometimes referred to as just carbide. With the other formula, W2C, the ratio of tungsten to carbon is 2 to 1. With both these products, the final result is determined by the initial choice of compounds used to begin the chemical reaction.

Uses
Although the tungsten carbon compound usually forms as a black powder, the material can be formed into one of the hardest man-made substance. This unique quality makes certain that tungsten carbide finds use in numerous industrial applications. As a result, the material is fused under extreme heat to form the cutting edge in many industrial tools and machines. Tungsten carbide knife blades can also be used to make popular kitchen utensils. Even jewelers have found that the black powder converts into some very attractive jewelry items. Watches, bracelets and rings are some of the jewelry pieces that utilize carbide.

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Tungsten is a resilient steel-gray metal, located in many different ores. While the metal was actually discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1781, its many uses weren't discovered until the early decades of the twentieth century. Tungsten carbide has been used in mining and mechanical applications--everything from light-bulb filaments and x-ray tubes to drill bits.

Discovery
Scheele discovered a new acid which could be made from an ore called tungstenite--later known as scheelite. In 1783 Jose and Fausto Elhuyar managed to isolate and extract tungsten from the ore.

The Twenties and the Thirties
Tungsten carbide was used by the German company Osram in place of diamond drawing dies. Cemented carbide was invented and used for the cutting and milling of iron and steel.

Cobalt, Tantalum and Titanium
When combined with cobalt, titanium or tantalum, the material was strengthened. This made it very popular for use in cutting, milling and mining drills.

World War II
During the second World War, tungsten carbide was needed by both sides for its weaponry production. Portugal was valuable due to its supplies of of wolframite ore, a source of tungsten.

Expansion in Production
Tungsten carbide has become increasingly popular and in high demand throughout the decades, now presently producing up to almost 30,000 tons annually.

The Present Day
Isostatic pressure sintering, led to the development of tungsten which was even harder than before. Tungsten is used in tools, mining, weaponry and even jewelry.

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Tungsten carbide rings are made from tungsten and carbide powders, resulting in an indestructible, scratch-proof metal. The metal is used to create rings, wedding bands and bracelets. Tungsten is a rare metal that, is almost 10 times harder than 18-karat gold, five times harder than tool steel and four times harder than titanium. Tungsten carbide rings require little care, although cleaning is required to remove dirt, exposure to chemicals, soap residue and fingerprints.

Instructions

1
Combine 1 cup of warm water with ? tbsp. liquid dish soap in a bowl or cup. Submerge the tungsten carbide ring in the water for five minutes.

2
Lift the ring above the bowl or cup. Rub a toothbrush or cloth over the ring to gently clean any remaining grime or buildup from the ring.

3
Rinse the ring in cool water to remove any remaining soap residue.

4
Rub the ring with a soft or microfiber cloth to dry it and prevent water spots.

Tips & Warnings
Tungsten carbide metal is extremely strong and can be cleaned with cool, warm or hot water. However, it is recommended you clean a tungsten carbide ring with warm water, only because the warm water helps dissolve the liquid dish soap.

Avoid using any jewelry cleaners, cleaning solutions and cleaning products when cleaning Tungsten carbide rings. Chemicals, such as ammonia, bleach and chlorine react poorly with the composition of tungsten, which can damage the ring. Prior to working with any of these chemicals, remove the ring or wear protective rubber gloves. Should your ring come in contact with any of these chemicals, rinse it immediately.

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Tungsten is nearly as hard as diamonds and register an 8 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, which measures scratch resistance. Tungsten is four times stronger than titanium and rings made from it will not bend. It's known as the ring that is polished forever because of its natural ability to stay shiny. Tungsten is used in wedding bands and various other assortments of rings. Taking care of them is very simple.

Instructions

1
Remove your ring and buff it gently with a soft polishing cloth.

2
Wipe the inside of the ring to remove sweat and grime residue.

3
Wash your ring in wash with mild soap and a toothbrush to remove any minor scratches in the finish or bits of metal that may have embedded themselves in the tungsten.

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Forevermetals, a leading Tungsten Carbide ring retailer and manufacturing is replenishing their inventory with symbolic Celtic ring styles just in time for Valentine’s Day. In the past few years Valentine’s Day seem to be the company’s busiest holiday, selling predominantly Celtic tungsten rings and bracelets.

Sales in the Celtic ring collection more than double the sales over the rest of their inventory. Styles that have been added include the Celtic Claddagh ring in many sizes and widths, the Celtic knot work rings in multiple finishes and the Celtic Cross ring with the added color of gold. The company’s founder, Gary Camphausen, is not sure whether the boost in sales throughout the month is directly linked to the Valentine’s Day Holiday or if people are getting ready for the summer wedding season. Sales on certain ring styles will run throughout the month and will be announced through social media.

Forever Metals, trademarked with both the Forever Metals and Forever Tungsten branding, is one of the largest retailers focusing directly on tungsten rings, watches, bracelets and pendants. The company carries many unique styles including the popular Celtic collection, Classic rings, colored tungsten carbide and unique inlay rings including true redwood and abalone shell.    Tungsten Wedding Bands are increasing in popularity over the past couple of years and the company wants to stay ahead of competition by offering many unique styles that customers cannot find anywhere else.

Forever Metals encourages shoppers to buy with confidence when choosing tungsten. The metal is long lasting and comes in many different price points to accommodate almost every shopper. The large, ever growing collection of rings, will also grab virtually everyone’s attention.

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At the height of the Space Race both Soviet and American astronauts faced an unforeseen challenge: taking notes when the lack of gravity rendered normal pens inoperable. The Americans reputedly "spent millions" on an advanced pressurized space pen while the Soviets—they simply brought pencils.

While this anecdote is really designed to illustrate the technical mindset differences between the US And USSR space programs it is based on a true story. The space pen NASA employed during the Apollo program wasn't designed by the government agency but rather the Fisher Space Pen Co. Paul Fisher, the company's founder and inventor of the universal ink refill cartridge, had reportedly sunk more than a million dollars and multiple years developing the "anti-gravity" AG7 pen when he submitted his design for testing in 1966. Two years later, Apollo 7 astronauts carried them into orbit.

The AG7 uitilizes a sealed cartridge filled with gelled ink that liquefies only when exposed to pressure, conveniently provided by another cartridge filled with inert nitrogen gas. The tungsten carbide ballpoint tip prevents interaction between the ink and the surrounding environment, meaning the pen can write upside-down, underwater, in temperatures ranging from -30 to 250 degrees F, and of course, in the weightlessness of space.

The Fisher Space Pen is still being made today, you can pick one up for $50. As for the Russians' Space Pencils, turns out graphite and wood shavings make for an explosive mixture in the cramped, oxygen-rich interiors of orbiters—as the Apollo 1 fire illustrated—and have since been replaced with, what else, the Fisher Space Pen.

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Anthony Watts has great fun with the predictions of the doomsters over here. He’s picking up on this by economics professor David Mustard. And we can clearly see that those who have been screaming at us for years that we’re just about to run out of minerals are wrong.

But what’s important to understand is why they are wrong. Why, consistently, have all of these projections that we’re about to run out of mineral reserves been so flamingly, aghastly, inaccurate? Fortunately, this is a question to which I have an answer. Indeed, I have the answer. The reason is that these various catastrophists are quite simply ignorant on the matter under discussion.

And the real truth is that every generation does indeed run out of mineral reserves.

No, really, current reserves of copper will be gone soon enough. Current reserves of tin, of tungsten, tantalum, any other metal or mineral you care to think about. All those reserves really will be gone in a generation or not much more than that.
For, and here’s the crucial point, to an acceptable level of accuracy mineral reserves are those ores and minerals that we expect to use in this coming generation.

Watts has this lovely chart showing the results of the Limits to Growth predictions.
we can see, absolutely none of these predictions have come to pass. We haven’t run out of the things we are supposed to have run out of by now.

The usual explanation is that we’ve been in some manner lucky. We’ve just been able to find a few more outcrops of interesting looking rock. We shouldn’t relax though, for we might not continue to get lucky in this manner. There might not be any more interesting rocks to find and then where will we be?

A more sophisticated argument is that as technology changes then the amount of any mineral or metal that we can extract changes. This is most certainly true. For example, the early 1980s deployment of SX-EW technology hugely increased the amount of copper available to us. Before that we could only produce copper metal from deposits of copper sulfides. Now, with it, we could do so from copper oxides. And we knew very well that there were vast mountains of copper oxides out there.

Both arguments have a truth to them. And it is most certainly true that there is some absolute limit to the number of atoms of this or that on the planet. Beyond which we really would be truly stuffed.

We could also become economists and thus begin to understand that everything, but just everything, is substituitable. For example, that copper that we’ve not been running out of. We can use it for telephone wiring or for pipes for water. And we can use fibre optic cable for the telephone cables and thus have more copper to use for the water pipes.

And again, there’s a great deal of truth in this argument.

However, while it is indeed true that the catastrophists have misunderstood these various points, that’s not actually the real reason they’ve been so consistently wrong. That real reason is that they’ve all been seemingly ignorant of what the phrase “mineral reserve” actually means.

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In addition to the above various applications of tungsten and its inorganic, tungsten application development of the organic polymer will open up a wider world for tungsten applications, for example, polymers made from tungsten and the plastic is non-toxic, with the some softness as lead, but higher density than lead and bismuth, which can replace lead in the manufacture of weapons and ammunition, and to reduce damage to the environment.

With the rapid changes in technology, technological advances and new product development, the tungsten will play a more significant role, specifically manifested in the following aspects:

(1)The rapid development of information industry relies on the strong support of high-performance tungsten materials.

(2) The rapid growth and restructuring of steel industry will promote requirements of tungsten for steel rolling and carbide dies for metal products processing tool, as well as the growth demand of special steel.

(3) machinery manufacturing will develop to the precision, numerical control and comprehensive capability directions, which need tungsten products, especially carbide alloy develop to high-grade, small-volume, multi-species directions.

(4) The rapid development of automobile industry, the high-quality, high-grade, high-precision cutting tools, carbide drill needs significant growth, which will also make a substantial increase in car use seismic filament and tungsten contact materials consumption.

(5) Construction and Civil daily necessities in a longer period of time will maintain high-speed growth; the corresponding required of carbide, tungsten alloy and tungsten material will increase simultaneously.

(6) China's great efforts to develop the mining industry, to increase investment in the areas of exploration and mining beneficiation, which means the mining carbide and tungsten products amount will continue to grow.

(7) With the development of the petrochemical industry, tungsten-containing catalyst in petroleum refining and petrochemical industry, especially in the clean gasoline, clean diesel production process development applications will increasingly shows its important role, which means the amount of tungsten will increase.

(8) With the height progress of the electricity energy technology, power transmission needs more tungsten matrix composites and tungsten contacts, nuclear power requires high performance tungsten alloy.

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