Jiangxi Ganzhou Rare Earth Group was established on March 30. Zhang Anwen, Deputy Secretary General of the Chinese Society of Rare Earths (CSRE), said the establishment of Jiangxi Ganzhou Rare Earth Group marks the formation of “4+1” framework on China’s rare earth industry restructuring.

The “4+1” framework involves Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare-Earth (Group) Hi-Tech (hereinafter referred to as Baotou Steel Rare-Earth), Aluminum Corporation of China (Chalco), China Minmetals Corporation, Rising Nonferrous Metals Share and Ganzhou Rare Earth Group.

Jiangxi Ganzhou Rare Earth Group is the parent company of Ganzhou Rare Earth Mineral Industry and is now the only owner of rare earth mining rights in Ganzhou. Namely, it owns all of the 44 rare earth mining rights in Jiangxi. The group will merge rare earth smelting & separating enterprises and application enterprises in Ganzhou, enabling it to have access to 70-80% of rare earth mining and smelting capacity in Ganzhou. It plans to produce 40,000 to 60,000 mt of rare earth, compared with China’s rare earth mining indicator of 90,000 mt for 2012.     

Back in May 2011, the State Council issued the Opinions on Promoting Sustainable and Healthy Development of Rare Earth Industry. According to the opinions, rare earth industry shall be dominated by large firms, and the industry concentration of top three ion-type rare earth enterprises must exceed 80%.

                  

China Minmetals Corporation, Chalco, China Non-ferrous Metal Industry’s Foreign Engineering and Construction (NFC), Jiangxi Copper, Rising Nonferrous Metals Share, Xiamen Tungsten and Ganzhou Rare Earth Industry all tried to join in the merging and restructuring of rare earth industry.

According to Mr. Zhang, Chalco has merged rare earth enterprises in Jiangsu. Rising Nonferrous Metals Share has been in charge of M&As of rare earth companies in Guangdong. Ganzhou Rare Earth Group will be responsible for rare earth industry integration in Ganzhou. China Minmetals Corporation intends to join in restructuring of Guangdong’s rare earth industry following its acquisition of some rare earth enterprises in Jiangxi, Guangxi and Hunan. Baotou Steel Rare-Earth will be responsible for M&As in rare earth industry in north China.

Rare earth industry restructuring in south and north China is led by Ganzhou Rare Earth Group and Baotou Steel Rare-Earth, respectively.

Light rare earth in north China is concentrated in Baotou in Inner Mongolia, Liangshan in Sichuan, Weishanhu in Shandong, while heavy rare earth in south China is centered on Jiangxi’s Ganzhou. Baotou Rare Earth, is actively seeking alliance with enterprises in Sichuan and Shandong.

Baiyun Erbo Rare Earth Mine is China’s biggest rare earth mine, containing 87.7% of rare earth. As Baotou Steel Rare-Earth’s rare earth industry integration accelerates, it will have access to more rare earth.

Heavy ion-type rare earth in Jiangxi accounts for roughly 40% of China’s total ion-type rare earth reserves, most of which is located in Ganzhou. All rare earth mining rights in Ganzhou are exclusively owned by Ganzhou Rare Earth Group.

Rising Nonferrous Metals Share also owns large quantities of rare earth. In comparison, China Minmetals Corporation and Chalco have less rare earth.
 

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Hafnium, indium, neodymium, erbium, europium...These are a few of the rare earth metals that make up most of the electronic guts of the world’s high technology.

“Rare earth” refers to the scarcity of easily-mined ores of the elements. Last month, we discussed a breakthrough in large-scale electrolysis that could make refining these ores and oxides much easier; now, Japan’s announcement of the discovery of a huge deposit of rare earths could make the market that much more competitive.

For us, that means cheaper electronics. If Japan can produce its own rare earth metals, as opposed to depending on imports from China (where 97 percent of rare earth metals in the world are produced), then China will have to lower its own prices on metals to remain commercially competitive. Breaking China’s monopoly on rare-earth resources could have wide-ranging consequences for the entire electronics industry.

This is the second major deposit discovery made by Japan in the last two years. A team led by Yasuhiro Kato of the University of Tokyo found caches near Hawaii and Tahiti in 2011 that were so rich in rare earths that one square kilometer of seabed could produce as much as 20 percent of the world’s annual consumption. Now, they’ve discovered a second plot of rich mud at the bottom of the Pacific.

Undersea mining has its own set of environmental issues; it’s not entirely clear yet how the techniques used can disrupt deep-sea life. Kato and his team will be investigating the new cache in a two-year study before attempting to start the mining process.


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There might be a crack in China's domination of rare earth metals – a mud-filled crack, thanks to a discovery by Japanese scientists. Vast reserves of rare earth metals that can be mined cheaply have been found in deep-sea mud on the Pacific ocean seabed. These essential metals are needed for a wide range of technologies – from consumer electronics like smartphones and TVs to advanced weapons systems and hybrid and electric vehicles.

"We have found deposits that are just two to four (meters) from the seabed surface at higher concentrations than anybody ever thought existed, and it won't cost much at all to extract," said professor Yasuhiro Kato from Tokyo University, the leader of the team, to The Telegraph.

                  

Some of the rare earth metals are found in other parts of the world, but the heavier metals such as dysprosium, terbium, europium, and ytterbium are the most important. After driving rivals out of the business in the 1990s, China became the source of 97 percent of these heavy rare earth metals. In 2009, China decided to restrict exports, which caused protests and legal complaints from the US and the European Union. China's actions also motivated more companies to set up shop in China to access the rare earth metals.

The team of Japanese scientists first discovered the Pacific ocean reserves two years ago, with that supply possibly being 1,000 times the supply of land-based deposits. The team's latest discovery is in Japan's Exclusive Economic Zone in deep-sea mud. It's 5,700 meters below sea level around the island of Minami-Torishama. The researchers says that while the rare earth metals are down deep, they can easily be distracted with minimal disturbance off the seafloor using pressurized air.

Professor Kato thinks the exploration will take another two years before it can be scaled up for production. Over 50 percent of the discovered deposit is heavy rare earth metals and they doen't need the radioactive by-product thorium that makes the metals hard to mine in China.


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Ganzhou Rare Earth Group was founded recently, and that means the core industrial group in major domestic rare earth producing region came online, and it's also an important step of domestic large rare earth leading company construction.

As high-tech industries develop rapidly in recent years, global demand for rare earth and consumption have been growing fast. China’s rare earth reserves accounts for 30% of the total volume in the world, and the country supplies 90% rare earth to the world. But the rare earth industry in China has been dispersed, disordered and polluting.

China’s rare earth industry needs to inspect exploration orders and raise industry consolidation ratio to develop healthily. China has taken effective measures recent years to the rare earth industry. On May 10th, 2010, China released the Proposals Regarding Promoting Sustainable and Healthy Development of Rare Earth Industry, pointing out China should form a rare earth industry led by large groups, and the consolidation rate of the top 3 enterprises in rare earth industry in south China should reach 80%.

The Suggestions Regarding Accelerating M & A at Major Industries was released on January 22nd, 2013, ordering China should push resources consolidation, and reduce the number of rare earth miners, smelters and separators, raise industrial consolidation rate and form the rare earth industry led by large enterprises.

Baotou and Ganzhou are major rare earth producing regions in north and south China, with rare earth output value accounting for 2/3 of total domestic rare earth output value.

Ganzhou is a major rare earth producing region in south China, and has developed rare earth mining and processing for over four decades. Of the 6 existing rare earth mining permits, 44 are in Ganzhou.

The Ganzhou Rare Earth Group is a large enterprise engaging in mining, smelting, separating, deep-processing and utilization, trade and researching, and the only group owning rare earth mining permit in Ganzhou.

Domestic rare earth market is under merger and acquisition, covering Minmetals, and Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare-Earth Hi-Tech, Ganzhou Rare Earth and Xiamen Tungsten.

Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare-Earth Hi-Tech is now constructing China Northern Rare Earth Group jointly with Gansu Rare Earth Group, acquiring backbone enterprises in Sichuan and Shandong province. Ganzhou Rare Earth and Inner Mongolia Baotou Steel Rare-Earth Hi-Tech are the two most important rare earth enterprises in south and north China, which will help realize the target of constructing national rare earth industry.


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