There are two non-radioactive tungsten materials have been developed. The first one, introduced in the 1980's, is most commonly available as 2% ceriated tungsten. This material is commonly used for lower amperage DC welding applications. In fact, it holds a very high market share in sales for the orbital welding process.

More recently, 1½% lanthanated tungsten has emerged as what could be the future standard for tungsten electrodes. The 1½% by weight content (as opposed to 2%) was chosen by three of the largest manufacturers as the optimum content amount based on scientific studies which showed that this content amount most closely mirrors the conductivity characteristics of 2% thoriated tungsten. Therefore, welders can usually easily replace their radioactive 2% thoriated material with this tungsten and not have to make any welding program changes. In addition, since the lanthanum oxide material is less dense that thorium oxide, a stick of 1½% (by weight) lanthanated tungsten actually contains 15% more oxides by volume than a stick of 2% (by weight) thoriated tungsten. This aids in arc starting and stability, as well as longevity, because the additional volume of oxides keep the tip cooler.

Finally, 1½% lanthanated tungsten is suitable for both AC and DC welding applications. Therefore, facilities that stock both 2% thoriated tungsten for DC welding and another tungsten type (usually pure or zirconiated tungsten) for AC welding, could stock only one tungsten type.

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Tungsten heavy alloy is increasingly adopted in tungsten alloy defense as the raw material to make parts of military products, such as bullet, armor and shells, shrapnel head, grenade, hunting gun, bullet warheads, bulletproof vehicles, tank panzers, cannons, firearms, etc. A major use for tungsten heavy alloy is in kinetic energy penetrators, where they are in direct competition with depleted uranium (DU).

The Army uses of powder metallurgy (P/M) extend from the conventional press and sinter to the more exotic processes of liquid phase sintering of tungsten heavy alloys (WHA) and powder injection molding (PIM). The Navy has taken great advantage of WHA by employing them iii the phalanx close-in weapon system (CIWS). The Army intends that research will lead to an alloy or composite of tungsten that, when used as a long rod penetrator, will perform as well as, or better than, current depleted uranium (DU) penetrators. Tungsten Heavy Alloys (WHAs) are the best choice when Designers in defense industries, WHAs are the ideal material which combines high density, good mechanical strength and which is easily machined, tungsten alloy for mlilitary defense is very important

The International Institute of Welding Health and Safety Commission VIII states that there are no specific hazards regarding storage, handling or welding but dust extraction equipment should be used on the grindstone and respiratory protection should be worn by the operator during grinding. This is covered by the Health and Safety Executive Guidance note HS(6) 53 The selection, use and maintenance of respiratory protective equipment.

In the UK the use of thoriated tungsten electrodes is subject to the Ionising Radiations Regulations 1999. Exposure must be kept as low as is reasonably practicable, and the guidelines in the previous sections are designed to achieve this.

Local rules and adequate supervision are required. The employer must appoint a Radiation Protection Supervisor (RPS), who should be responsible for

Firs,the implementation and monitoring of all health and safety procedures for the storage, grinding, use and disposal of thoriated tungsten electrodes and all by-products.
Second, keeping records of the amount of thoriated tungsten in store, and the numbers of electrodes issued to each welder.
Third, giving instruction in the correct use and grinding procedures to the welders. These procedures should be in the form of written instructions, in addition to verbal presentations. The welders must know the name to the RPS.
Fourth, monitoring to check that the welders are carrying out the grinding procedures correctly, and that the dust extraction system is working effectively.

 

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Probably the most well known application for tungsten alloy is the aerospace industry, where weights and counterweights are often required to be housed in restricted areas. With significant reductions in size possible, this in turn, leads to greater control of weight distribution. These components can increase the sensitivity of control mechanisms and keep the forces required to operate flight controls within acceptable limits.

Vibrations in the dynamic components of aircraft engines and propeller systems are highly undesirable. Vibration, caused by mass imbalance of externally rotating components, can be reduced or eliminated by using mass trim weights. Additionally, counterweights are incorporated into the pitch control systems of many propeller designs as a failsafe mechanism. During flight the propellers are kept at the correct angle by hydraulic pressure counterbalances to optimize performance. Tungsten alloy offer designers several advantages over conventional balance materials such as lead or steel. The higher density of the alloys permits smaller components to be used, reducing overall system weight. Unlike lead, which can exhibit creep at ambient temperatures, these alloys are stable and so may be used in mechanically stressed positions without the need for additional fabrication and encasement.


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Grinding creates the greatest hazard as the exposed tungsten/thoria area is greatly increased and fine particles of potentially radioactive dust are released into the atmosphere.

It is recommended that a dedicated grindstone with local dust extraction is used, and a simple filter mask is worn unless the number of electrodes used is very small (less than about 20 per year). If the grinding wheel is not fitted with a protective viewing screen, eye protection should be worn. The air extract from the grindstone should be arranged so that the particles are deposited into a substantial disposable bag.

A safe method of collecting and handling the dust from the collection unit must be used to minimise release to the atmosphere (for example, it could be placed in a sealed paper/plastic bag.)

The area round the grinding wheels should be cleaned daily with a vacuum cleaner to remove dust particles. If a high efficiency vacuum cleaner is not available, then the material should be damped down to minimise dust.

Workers should be encouraged to wash their hands before using the toilet facilities, and before taking work breaks, and for this reason the washing facilities should be close to the work areas.

 
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Tungsten carbide coats the edges of blades for reciprocating saws, such as jigsaws and demolition reciprocal saws.

The back-and-forth sawing motion of these types of saws is well-suited for abrasion, and their coating of tungsten carbide grit allows them to grind through metals, ceramics and masonry.

Applications include removing cast iron pipes and metal fasteners during demolition or cutting access holes through stone and tile during remodeling.


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Drill bits is a kind of solid tungsten carbide or  tipped with it to provide the speed, accuracy and wear resistance required by machine shops and high-precision manufacturing applications.

Construction professionals and amateurs buy similar bits that attach to hand power drills, drill presses and hobbyist rotary tools. Precision drill bit and grinding tools with tungsten carbide tips might be used for milling or sculpting metal as well as decorative carving of stone and precious gemstones.

As materials scientist Dale Wittmer stated in a Southern Illinois University publication, "Tungsten carbide tools have been the standard for over 50 years in the mining industry."


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Soldering Picks are used to move solder pieces into position when applying heat. The special Tungsten metal won't stick to the solder or the metal so the solder stays where you put it. Tungsten has a sky high melting temperature of 4,470°F. It is excellent for use with platinum and the only metal where contamination is virtually impossible. Tungsten may be bent to the desired angle without breaking, and also works great with Gold and Silver.

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Fishing tackle industry continues to produce lead fishing sinkers. Lead-based paint has been banned in many places and at one point, lead ammunition for waterfowl was under assault from the Environmental Protection Agency. However, concerns for aquatic environments, clever fishermen and innovative marketing have succeeded in bringing about a rise in the popularity of no-lead fishing sinkers.

The cost of production materials is a primary concern for manufacturers of fishing sinkers. For some, processing other types of metal or metal alloys might require re-tooling molds and dyes that are only suitable for lead. However, several manufacturers have gone to alternative metals and market no-lead sinkers by promoting benefits that their product affords fishermen. One of the more widely used alternative materials is tungsten, which is more expensive than lead, but has properties that set it apart.

According to Wolf Tech, tungsten sinkers are smaller than lead sinkers of the same weight. This could reduce the likelihood of getting snagged on underground structures or rocks. Tungsten sinkers make more noise than lead when hitting the water, which can draw the attention of fish. In addition, several manufacturers produce tungsten sinkers in a variety of colors, which is another feature that's not available with conventional lead sinkers.

In contrast to softer lead sinkers, tungsten maintains its shape over time, is more brilliant than lead and is considered environmentally safe. Tungsten is a good choice for fisherman looking for indestructible no-lead sinkers.


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Tungsten alloy has very excellent behavior in shielding against X rays and gamma radiation.Tungsten also has another characteristic, very high melting point. By this, it can be used in high temperature which can not be used with lead, for example nuclear scrap container.

Tungsten  alloy shielding is used in applications such as collimator, nuclear shielding, beamstop, PET syringe shield, vial shield, isotope container, FDG container, multi leaf collimator etc

Nuclear medicine--Radiotherapy, using two rows of very thin tungsten alloy plates (Multi leaf collimator) to irradiate tumour by beams of radiation accurately, protecting the patient and medical staff against unneccessary radiation


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