Foreign distribution of major rare earth mine

U.S. Secretary Mans Tingpa rare earth ore (MountainPass)

Mans Tingpa Division (MountainPass) rare earth mine in California西南莫哈韦edge of the desert , in 1949 two local ore prospecting will be deemed to uranium samples to the U.S. Geological Survey found incidentally detected , followed by large-scale geological survey and exploration , and gradually proved this world-class light rare earth deposits . The rare earth deposits are hosted in carbonatite intrusive complex , mainly composed of carbonate minerals minerals ( calcite , dolomite , phosphate ore , iron dolomite ) , sulfate minerals ( barite, celestite ) , Bastnasite and silicate minerals ( quartz ) composition, containing rare earth minerals are mainly bastnaesite . Mine ore reserves of 50 million tons currently held , rare earth oxides average grade of 8% to 9 %, including 4.3 million tons of rare earth oxides . Mans Tingpa Secretary rare earth ore mining operation in 1952 , in the 20th century, 60 to the mid-1980s , the mine is the world's leading supplier of rare earth market , 1990 was its rare earth products accounted for 40% of the global market , and later with the Chinese Rare Earth mine diminishing supply a lot of development to 2002 , after completion of the last mining activity to stop mining , but has been selling stock Bastnaesite concentrate and light rare earth oxides. Mine also has a supporting and separation of rare earth mineral processing plant , the annual production capacity of 20,000 tons of rare earth oxides. Separation plant in 1998 because of non-compliance and wastewater treatment facilities shut down , but the fourth quarter of 2007 rare earth separation plant has been restarted , 2009 reselect mines , processing archived Bastnaesite concentrate. Mans Tingpa Secretary mine once and its owners , the current owner of the mine is Molikepu Mineral Corporation .

U.S. Beinuo Jie rare earth ore (BearLodge)

Beinuo Jie (BearLodge) rare earth mine in northeastern Wyoming mountains northwest-trending Beinuo Jie in the northern section . Bei Nuojie Mountain is located near the north-south eastern Rockies alkaline volcanic belt, is an important gold producing areas in the United States in the early 20th century, has been used as a potential gold exploration area . Area rare earth deposits found in 1949 , followed by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1953 reported the discovery. 1972, Val Company (Duval) began to carry out exploration activities in the region Beinuo Jie , exploration target is porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, but in the latter but found rare earth deposits of economic value . From 1987 to 1991 , Hecla Mining Company (Hecla) exploration work in the area delineated the 4.3 million tons of rare earth resources , rare earth an average grade of 3.79% ( does not comply with NI43-101 standard ) . In 2003, the rare element Resources (RareElementsResourcesLtd.) through its subsidiary, 100% of the area obtained mineral rights interests , and in 2004 to 2008 carried out for the area of rare earth deposits exploration and metallurgical research, published in April 2009 comply with NI43-101 standard reserves technical reports. Integrated area of rare earth mine exploration data , the use of 1.5% REO cutoff grade was present in the area delineated Inferred 9.8 million tons , of which 4.56 million tons of ore oxidation zone , transition zone and non- oxidized zone of ore 5,260,000 tons , average grade of 4.1% rare earth oxide , equivalent to the amount of 363,000 tons of rare earth metals . Bei Nuojie Rare orebodies exist or carbonate veinlets carbonate dyke swarm , the surface oxidation zone 90 to 180 m thick , mainly by the weathering of iron and manganese oxides and rare earth -containing oxide rock composition, down the native rock containing rare earth carbonate , rare earth elements mainly occurs phosphorus strontium chrome ore , bastnaesite cerium and calcium fluoride phosphate ore and other minerals. REE to light rare earth based, including lanthanum , cerium, praseodymium , neodymium and samarium five kinds of rare earth oxide accounted for about 98% of total rare earth . With other rare earth deposits differ , due to carbonate veins containing rare earth production in a multi- stage evolution of the alkaline intrusive complex , so Beinuo Jie areas around rare earth deposits occurrence of a certain size , with economic significance , the alkaline rocks associated with gold mineralization . Currently, the rare element resources companies are carried out for different types of ore metallurgical tests.

Canada Thor Lake rare earth ore (ThorLake)

Thor Lake (ThorLake) rare earth deposits in Canada 's Northwest Territory McKinsey mine , in a large Sile Wu eastern shore of Lake 5 km away from the state capital of Yellowknife, Northwest Territories City, 100 km . Initially, the Geological Survey of Canada in 1937 and 1938 was in the area to carry out geological mapping work . In 1976, Haywood Resources Inc. (HighwoodResourcesLtd.) to carry out uranium exploration in the area , they found a large-scale rare metals and rare earth mineralization , followed by some mining companies to carry out intermittent exploration activities . 2005 , Avalon Rare Metals Corporation (AvalonRareElementsInc.) to obtain childcare Lake Rare Earth Project 100% interest in the previous re- sampling and analysis of drill samples at the same time , from 2007 to 2008 to carry out a new round of exploration activities , and conduct small-scale metallurgical tests. Currently, Thor Lake rare earth project in an area of ​​42 square kilometers have been delineated within six rare - rare earth mine , namely enrichment of rare earth , yttrium, tantalum, niobium and zirconium and other metals. Among them, higher levels of mining exploration has two : Lake District and the T-zone . Rare Earth - Rare orebodies exist alkaline syenite and granite secondary alteration zones within the ore minerals fergusonite , zircon, allanite , monazite and Bastnasite so on. 2008 , Avalon Rare Metals company commissioned Wardrop Engineering Consulting Corporation 's exploration data on the Lake District, summarized and prepared in accordance with NI43-101 compliant resource capacity assessment report. March 2009 report released estimates to 1.6% REO cutoff grade was , Lake District has control + Inferred level resources 65.21 million tons , an average grade of 2.05% rare earth oxide , equivalent to the amount of 1.33 million tons of rare earth metals , including heavy rare earth oxides accounting for about 15% of rare earth oxides . Avalon Rare Metals Company has received Thor Lake project's environmental impact assessment approval and consulting firm commissioned to carry out environmental impact assessment of the project , completed in 2009 and 2010 pre-feasibility study .

Canada Huo Yi Das Lake rare earth ore (HoidasLake)

Huo Yi Das Lake (HoidasLake) rare earth deposits in northern Saskatchewan, Canada, 50 kilometers north of Uranium City . In the 1950s , the area was used as rare earth production Workshop uranium exploration, until 1999 , only to find that rare earth deposits in the area . Currently , the Canadian Atlantic Minerals (GreatWesternMineralsGroupLtd.) owns 100% interests in the area . As of the first half of 2008 , the construction of the Great Western Minerals company has approximately 15,000 meters of drilling , exposing the ore body length over 1000 meters , tend to extend more than 350 meters deep , 3 to 12 m thick , and deep ends of the orebody extends neither closed . Rare earth metals mainly occurs apatite, allanite and other minerals . 2007 , Atlantic Minerals commissioned Wardrop Engineering Consulting Company Huo Yi Das RE projects carried out pre-feasibility study . As of the end of 2007 borehole data to 1.5% REO cut-off grade is , the project has received Measured + Indicated resources of 1.15 million tons level , with an average grade of 2.36% REO, Inferred level resources 370,000 tons , with an average grade of 2.15% REO , containing a total amount of 35,000 tons of rare earth metal oxides ( meet NI43-101 standard ) . Great Western Minerals in 2009 the company plans to complete a feasibility study and environmental impact assessment reports , from 2010 to 2011 began to design and carry out construction works , commissioned in 2012 , designed daily processing capacity of 500 tons of ore , mine life of 20 years. With other raw materials mining company is different, Atlantic Minerals Company uses operating mines product to the earth terminal products business model, in the United Kingdom and the United States of rare earth products processing plants, production of nickel -metal hydride battery with samarium-cobalt alloy powder and the magnetic body .

Australia Mount Weld rare earth mine (MtWeld)

Weld Hill (MtWeld) rare earth deposit in Western Australia, Australia Laver Raton Town 35 km . The area of rare earth ore in weathered carbonatite body round , rare earth minerals are mainly illusion monazite, while associated tantalum, niobium and other rare metals . Weld Hill carbonatite circular structure on aeromagnetic survey carried out in 1966 was found , followed by a number of mining companies in the area to carry out exploration activities in different sizes , the target minerals phosphorus, rare earth, tantalum, niobium and uranium . 2000 , Australia Rainer Company (LynasCorporation) obtained Weld Hill tenement interests , and in 2002 to 2008 on the Mt Weld rare earths and rare metals to carry out supplementary exploration , resource evaluation and ore dressing and smelting tests. According to data released by Rainer website to 4% REO grade boundary , Weld rare-earth region of the central mountain delineated Measured + Indicated resources of 6.2 million tons level inferred resource of 1.5 million tons level , rare earth oxides average grade of 11.9% , equivalent to the amount of 920,000 tons of rare earth metals . In 2008, the company commissioned Australia Rainer mine design and development company for Mount Weld rare earths central area designed and optimized open pit mining , and in June 2008 launched the first phase of mining activity , a total of 770,000 tons of ore mined , average grade of 15.4% REO. Weld Hill , NC company plans to mine construction concentrator to elect 40% REO concentrate shipped to Kuantan in Malaysia rare earth separation plant smelting . Rare earth separation plant an annual designed capacity of 10,500 tons of rare earth oxides , two expansion to 22,000 tons / year.

Australian Nolan rare earth ore (Nolans)

Nolan (Nolans) rare earth deposit in Australia's Northern Territory, 130 kilometers north of the city艾丽思斯普Reese . The deposit contains not only rare earth mine , also associated phosphorus and uranium. Orebodies in metamorphosed granite , the plane was flat , tend north-northwest , dip 65 to 90 degrees, 75 meters thick . Ore minerals are mainly rich thorium fluoride apatite and monazite . The deposit for the Australian listed company Arafura Resources Limited (ArafuraResourceLtd.) all . According to the company in 2008 reported operating data disclosed , the deposit has a Measured + Indicated + Inferred resources of 303 million tons three , REO average grade of 2.8%, P2O5 average grade of 12.9%, U3O8 average grade of 200 g / ton, equivalent to rare earth metals amount of 848,000 tons , 3.9 million tons of phosphorus , uranium 6,038 tons ( expressed in oxides ) . October 2007 , Arafura Resources Inc. completed a pre-feasibility study , pilot plant construction in 2008 , and conduct separation test process design . Pre-feasibility study projects an annual output of 20,000 tons REO, 8万吨P2O5, 33万pounds of U3O8 and 400,000 tons CaCl2. Currently, Arafura Resources Ltd has commissioned consultants to carry out the project level banks can finance a feasibility study and plan to begin construction in 2011 , production in 2012 . As the financial crisis, project financing difficulties . June 7, 2009 , in East China Nonferrous Geological Prospecting Bureau belongs to Jiangsu East China Nonferrous Metals Investment Holding Company to A $ 22.94 million Arafura Resources Limited successfully acquired a 25% stake .

Rare earth mine in other countries

In addition to the United States , Canada and Australia and other countries, Russia, Vietnam and other countries also found that a large rare earth deposits . Most of India's production of rare earth deposits in the beach and inland placer placer to live alone quarry based. Brazil is also one of the countries producing rare earth mine , the late 19th century it was the exploitation of its eastern coast monazite sands and supplied to Germany , and now the market is still the world 's rare earth raw materials suppliers. Southeast Asia, Malaysia, the Philippines , Indonesia and other countries also produce small amounts of monazite sands beach .

Bayan Obo rare earth mine in Inner Mongolia

Bayan Obo rare earth ore and iron , niobium, thorium and other elements of a comprehensive symbiosis deposits, mainly in the rare earth ore mine owners, east, west three iron ore body , the eastern contact zone and the main East orebody footwall rare dolomite , Lord, East Mine REE mineralization strong , fluorite rare earth content of dolomite highest , followed by iron dolomites , rare earth content had an increasing tendency to deep . Other mines , such as the main , East Mine footwall dolomite, West mine , east referral Le Gele and prospective reserves are la jara mine , although larger , from east to west grade on a downward trend , it is not yet utilized as a rare earth mine . Baotou Bayan Obo rare earth ore mine will be gradually transferred to the Steel concentrator tailings , tailings dam will be the rare earth ore storage places. So protect rare earth resources in the tailings dam is essential to ensure the sustainable development of China's rare earth industry to ensure a certain number of years after 2020 , making China the world's reserves of rare earth reserves remains the first one advantage. There are currently three Baotou rare earth processing plant , the annual election of rare earth concentrates capacity of 100,000 t ( in REO meter ) , the product is Bastnaesite - mixed monazite concentrate grade (REO) as follows: 3415% , 45%, 50 %, 60% and other types of production according to market demand . Baotou rare earth minerals production accounts for about 54 percent of rare earth mineral production , but the rare earth plant is still not at full capacity. Access concentrator ore containing rare earth oxide around 6%, after the election of rare earth iron grade up to 9 % to 12% , which is treated rare earth after the final grade of the tailings remain around 5%, with non- rare earth magnetic sorting iron Stone tailings mixed ( about 90 % of the earth ) into the dam, about 1% of the rare earths (REO) into iron ore ( including ThO201008% ~ 0101%), through to high blast furnace slag slag send stockpiling .

Sichuan Liangshan rare earth mine

Since 1960 , Sichuan Sancha found in mianning rare earth mine later, in 1986, began to conduct surveys and detailed investigation of rare earth minerals . Sichuan has been initially identified 29 rare earth mine , belonging to nine kinds of genetic types . Rare earth mineral resources on Panxi Region , mostly located in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture mianning , Xichang, Johnson and other counties , constitutes a north-south length of about 300 km of earth resources concentrated area , concentrated in the Maoniuping and MianNingXian DeChangXian continent slot. Maoniuping REE deposit scale ranks first in each deposit , the vast majority of industrial mineral deposits Bastnaesite , followed by calcium fluorocarbon cerium ore, a small amount of silicon cerium titanium ore, etc. , ore 80% REO concentrate on Bastnaesite inside . The rare earth minerals lanthanum, cerium , praseodymium, neodymium more than 98% light rare earths , in HREE only 1 % to 2 %, which is typical Bastnaesite . Which europium, yttrium content is high compared with similar foreign deposits , and a single rare earth minerals , ores and easy choice Yi Lian . Sichuan earth exploitation began in 1989 , 109 geological team with MIANNING cooperation, Maoniuping exploratory mining of rare earth minerals . After nearly 20 years of development, production increased rapidly , already has a certain scale. Rare earth mining should henceforth Sichuan reasonable and orderly conditions in mining . Mianning Liangshan county government has now introduced Jiangxi Copper Group Maoniuping rare earth mine in mining, mineral processing integration, consolidation is expected to reach a scientific and orderly scale mining .

Shandong Weishan rare earth mine

Weishan Weishan rare earth mine in Shandong Province Tong Tahu territory , 1958 to 1962, has 802 original Jinan Bureau of Geology and radioactive aerial team found that the average grade of 3,113% geology , is a quartz - barite - carbonate rare earth deposits , minerals and gangue composition is simple to bastnaesite and fluorocarbon calcium cerium -based mining , associated with barite, calcite , quartz, fluorite , rare earth minerals disseminated coarse-grained , generally 015mm ~ 0104mm, are easy to wear and easy choice ore. Weishan Rare plant officially opened at the 1982 small scale . 1991 to 2001 , the production REO 45% to 50% of the rare earth concentrate . Since mining into underground mining , ore grade lower rare earth and other reasons , in 2002 after the sharp drop in production of rare earth concentrates , the market share is very low.

Seven southern provinces rare earth mine

The late 1960s , China saprolite weathering crust type rare earth ore was discovered , first in Jiangxi Province, southern foot dragon cave discovered heavy rare earth ion adsorption River Ridge Mine and xunwu ion adsorption rare earth mine after another in Fujian, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, other Nanling region have been found , but more concentrated in Jiangxi large . Saprolite weathering crust type rare earth ore - ion adsorption type rare earth mine had not been reported abroad is a unique new type of Chinese rare earth deposits . After 20 years of research, to identify the type of mine has a wide distribution of the ground , large reserves, low radioactivity , easy exploitation , extraction of rare earth process is simple , low production costs , product quality is good. Weathered saprolite containing rare earth rare earth ore system after years of weathering of granite or volcanic rock formed , covering shallow orebody , ore loosely, very fine particles . Rare earth elements in the ore, 80% to 90% of the ions adsorbed on kaolin, halloysite, mica , and clay minerals water ; adsorbed on the clay mineral water-insoluble rare earth cations or ethanol, but in strong electrolytes ( such as NaCl, (NH4) 2SO4, NH4Cl, NH4Ac , etc. ) can occur in the solution into the solution and the ion exchange and having a reversible reaction . Saprolite weathering crust and use of rare earth mining began in 1970 , 1970-1999 saprolite weathering crust type rare earth ore leaching of basic production techniques using cell production, utilization of production resources pool dip meter by 26% , from 2000 to 2003 in situ leaching tank leaching and production of 50% each , in-situ leaching production resource utilization 70%. 2004-2008 All produced using in-situ leaching technology cumulative production , resource utilization 75%.


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