Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) is an instrument for detecting various surface information with atomic spatial resolution. The structure of the probe tip is one of the main factors determining the performance of the instrument. For example, the size, shape and chemical purity of the tip will affect the electron density of states of the atoms on the surface of the material under test, and the image of the STM. It has important influence on the resolution and quality.

Tungsten carbide ceramics are widely used in metal processing, mining and other fields because of their high hardness, wear resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance and other excellent properties. However, tungsten carbide ceramics have high manufacturing cost and brittleness, and are not suitable for wearable parts with high impact force.

Heteropoly acids, also known as polymetallic oxygen clusters, are metal-oxygen clusters formed by bridging metal atoms with oxygen atoms. The so-called Keggin-type heteropoly acid has the reversible redox property of multi-electrons. Therefore, the active capacity of the composite material used as the cathode of lithium-ion batteries reaches 260 Ah/kg, which is much higher than that of ordinary lithium-ion batteries.

Vanadium dioxide (V0₂) is a typical temperature-controlled phase change material, which undergoes a reversible metal semiconductor phase transition from low temperature monoclinic phase (M phase) to high temperature rutile phase (R phase) at 68 ℃. However, in practical application, 68 is obviously not the appropriate temperature for human beings. Therefore, in order to make vanadium dioxide play a role, it is necessary to reduce the phase transition temperature of vanadium dioxide from 68 to the room temperature (25 ℃), in order to maximize the energy-saving efficiency of vanadium dioxide.