The Traveling-Wave Tube (TWT) is a vacuum electronic device used for amplifying microwave signals, widely applied in scenarios requiring high-power and wide-bandwidth signal amplification. The barium tungsten electrode, as the core cathode material in the electron gun of the TWT, provides a stable electron beam by efficiently emitting electrons.

A klystron is a vacuum electron device used for microwave amplification and oscillation, widely applied in radar, communication, and particle accelerator fields. The barium tungsten electrode is commonly used as the cathode in klystrons due to its excellent electron emission performance.

A magnetron is a vacuum electronic device that utilizes alternating electromagnetic fields to control electron motion, thereby generating high-power microwaves. One of its critical components is the cathode electron emission source. As a typical cathode material for magnetrons, barium tungsten electrodes play a pivotal role in microwave generation systems due to their unique physical properties.

Barium tungsten electrodes are widely used as hot electron emission cathodes in microwave vacuum devices due to their excellent electron emission performance and stability. They are particularly suitable for high-power, long-lifespan microwave devices such as klystrons, traveling-wave tubes, and magnetrons.